Green Revolution: Curse or Blessing?

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Presentation transcript:

Green Revolution: Curse or Blessing?

A. Development & Diffusion of Agriculture: Three agricultural revolutions: 1. Neolithic Revolution (12,000 yrs ago): first plant & animal domestication The role of women? - female deities - women were first to farm - ~80% of all food eaten in Africa is grown by women

Second Revolution (I7th-I8th centuries): improved methods of cultivation & higher yields in W. Europe - improved tools & equipment - better soil preparation, fertilization, & food storage - aided by the Industrial Revolution & mechanization

The Green Revolution (1940’s-1980’s): research & technology in plant genetics to create new higher-yielding grains - intensive farming practices: mechanization, chemicals, biotechnology - using genetic engineering scientists in Philippines crossed a dwarf variety of rice with an Indonesian variety…“IR8” - in India Norin 10 strain of wheat developed - today, pest resistance genetically infused into DNA of plants

Process known as “cereal sex” to create hybrids

B. Why The Green Revolution? 1943: world's worst recorded food disaster in India - Bengal Famine: four million died of hunger “Green Revolution’s” highest crop yields: 1967 to 1978 term “Green Revolution” a general one applied to successful agricultural experiments in developing countries (India, Mexico, China)

“Father” of the Green Revolution Dr. Norman Borlaug: “Father” of the Green Revolution

SUCCESS STORIES Northern India Sri Landa Nepal Indonesia Thailand Philippines

C. Basic methods: 1) expansion of farming areas 2) double-cropping 3) genetically engineering crops 4) machinery, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides Other benefits: - higher yields of wheat, corn, & rice - improved appearance of fruits - grains used to fatten livestock faster…

D. THE DOWNSIDE: Food Security??? destroyed large tracts overuse of chemicals excessive salinity groundwater depletion conflicts over water some cannot afford investment rural societies disrupted effects of genetic modifications??? effects of cloning??? sub-Saharan Africa???

E. Why Not Africa? World crops: Wheat, Rice, Corn Africa’s most important crops: millet & sorghum Lack of government investment Failure to include women

Rufunsa village, Zambia