COMS 161 Introduction to Computing

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Presentation transcript:

COMS 161 Introduction to Computing Title: Digital Images Date: February 25, 2005 Lecture Number: 18

Announcements Homework Due 2/25/05

Review Color Images Color Models Storing Images RGB CMYK HSB Color index

Outline Storing Images in Files File format Format types Gif Jpeg Lossy compression Lossless compression

Storing Digital Images Digital images are converted to files for storage and transfer File type A special format for ordering and storing the bytes that make up the image There are many different file or format types to represent digital images Different formats are not often compatible

Storing Digital Images Applications specify the image formats it accepts Most formats have a Header Image data

Storing Digital Images Headers contain Number of rows (height) columns (width) bands bits per pixel file type (magic number) type of compression

Storing Digital Images GIF (Graphic Interchange Format) Indexed color image (up to 256 colors) Compressed Used in Web applications JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) Lossy compression with variable controls Also used in Web applications

Compressing Images Some image file types compress the image data Lossless Lossy compression

Compressing Images JPEG (pronounced "jay-peg") A standardized image compression mechanism Stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group The original name of the committee that wrote the standard Designed for compressing Full-color or gray-scale images of natural, real-world scenes Handles only still images A related standard (MPEG) for motion pictures 7

Compressing Images JPEG is "lossy“ Decompressed image is an approximation to the original image Compression exploits known limitations of the human eye Small color changes are perceived less accurately than small changes in brightness The degree of lossiness can be varied by adjusting compression parameters Trade-off between file size and image quality Decoders can trade off decoding speed against image quality 7

Compressing Images JPEG advantages Disadvantages Smaller files Data storage Network transmission Can store RGB 24-bit color images gif images are only 8-bit Disadvantages Longer to view a file Decompress the data 7