Figure 5.1 A consensus sequence for prokaryotic promoters. Redrawn from Hawley, D.K. and McClure, W.R. Nucleic Acids Res. 11:2237, 1983. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.2 Early events in prokaryotic transcription. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.3 Simultaneous transcription of a gene by many RNA polymerases, depicting increasing length of nascent RNA molecules. Courtesy of Dr. O.L. Miller, University of Virginia. Reproduced with permission from O.L. Miller and B.R. Beatty, J. Cell Physiol. 74:225, 1969. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.4 Stem-loop structure of RNA transcript that determines rho-independent transcriptional termination. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.5 DNase-hypersensitive sites (HSS) upstream of the promoter for the chick lysozyme gene, a typical eukaryotic transcriptional unit. Adapted from Elgin, S.C.R. J Biol. Chem. 263:1925, 1988. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.6 Interaction of transcription factors and chromatin-modifying factors with eukaryotic promoters. Reproduced with permission from Hochheimer, A. and Tijian, R. Genes and Dev. 17:1309, 2003. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.7 Structure of an rRNA transcription unit. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.8 The sequences of the non-template strands of yeast genes encoding 5S rRNA and a tRNA are shown, along with schematic representations of the various subunits of TFIIIA, TFIIIB, and TFIIIC. Redrawn from Braun, B. R., Bartholomew, B., Kassavetis, G.A., and Geiduschek E.P. J Mol. Biol. 228: 1063, 1992. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.9 Comparison of the structures of eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases. Figures drawn using the coordinators provided in the protein structure database (pdb), based on the following citations: (a) Gnatt, A.L., Cramer, P., Fu, J., Bushnell, D.A., and Kornberg, R. D. Structural basis of transcription: An RNA polymerase II elongation complex at 3.3A resolution. Science 292: 1876, 2001; and (b) Minakhin, K., Bhagat, S., Brunning, A., Campbell, E.A., et al. Bacterial RNA polymerase subunit omega and eukaryotic RNA polymerase subunit RPB6 are sequence, structural, and functional homologs and promote RNA polymerase assembly. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 892, 2001. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.10 Scheme for processing eukaryotic tRNA. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.11 Schemes from transcription and processing of rRNAs. Redrawn from Perry, R. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 45: 611, 1976. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.12 RNA processing occurs during transcriptional elongation. Adapted with permission from Pandit, S., Wang, D., and Fu, X.-D. Curr. Opinion Cell Biol. 20:260, 2008. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.13 Mechanism of splice junction recognition. Adapted from Sharp, P.A. J Am. Med. Assoc. 260: 3035, 1988. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.14 Proposed scheme for mRNA splicing to include the lariat structure. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.15 Cleavage and polyadenylation of eukaryotic mRNA precursors. Adapted from Proudfoot, N.J. Trends Biochem. Science. 14:105, 1989. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.16 Adapted from Orkin, S.H. In G. Stamatoyannopoulis et al. (Eds.), The Molecular Basis of Blood Diseases. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1987. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.17 Alternate splicing of tropomyosin gene transcripts results in a family of tissue-specific tropomyosin proteins. Redrawn from Breitbart, R.E., Andreadis, A., and Nadal-Ginard, B. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 56:467, 1986. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Figure 5.18 Effects of small inhibitory RNAs on eukaryotic mRNA metabolism. Redrawn from Meister, G. and Tuschl, T., Nature 431: 343, 2004. Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations, 7e edited by Thomas M. Devlin © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.