Total Organic Carbon (TOC) + Total Inorganic Carbon (TIC)

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
X-Ray Techniques Francis, 2013
Advertisements

Instruments & Radiopharmaceutical Production
X-rays Long Wave IR Visible UV X-rays Gamma rays wavelength (nm) Frau Röntgen's hand.
X-ray Detection and Analysis
Suzanne D'Anna1 Composition of Matter. Suzanne D'Anna2 Composition of Matter l all matter is composed of ELEMENTS l elements cannot be decomposed or broken.
Ion beam Analysis Joele Mira from UWC and iThemba LABS Tinyiko Maluleke from US Supervisor: Dr. Alexander Kobzev Dr. Alexander Kobzev.
Saeedeh Ghaffari Nanofabrication Fall 2011 April 15 1.
Author: J R Reid Oxidation and Reduction – Introduction LEO goes GER Examples Balancing simple equations Why gain/lose electrons? Electronegativity.
FLAME SPECTROSCOPY The concentration of an element in a solution is determined by measuring the absorption, emission or fluorescence of electromagnetic.
X-Ray Crystallography The most important technique for mineralogy The most important technique for mineralogy Direct measurement of atomic arrangement.
PROVIDED BY EMAD BEHDAD SPECIALIZED PROTECTION AND CORROSION OF MATERIALS LECTURERS H.MONAJATI,PHD JAFARI,PHD ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY OF NAJAFABAD BARANCH.
Ionic Bonding Section 4.1.
427 PHC.  Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is based upon emission of electromagnetic radiation by atoms.
Particle Induced X Ray Emission and Mars Exploration Rovers.
LEFT CLICK OR PRESS SPACE BAR TO ADVANCE, PRESS P BUTTON TO GO BACK, PRESS ESC BUTTON TO END LEFT CLICK OR PRESS SPACE BAR TO ADVANCE, PRESS P BUTTON.
Matter and Energy.
X Ray Flouresence Analysis (XRF). XRF X-Ray Fluorescence is used to identify and measure the concentration of elements in a sample X-Ray Fluorescence.
Building Blocks Of Minerals To fully understand rocks and minerals, you must first consider the chemistry behind minerals. Things to consider include;
Field Methods XRF Copyright © 2013 by DBS. Atomic Spectroscopy for Metal Analysis Introduction to the Principles of Atomic Spectroscopy Atomic spectroscopy:
Introduction to X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis.
X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis by Gergana Hristozova Project supervisor: s. eng. M. Gustova FLNR.
Instruments for Radiation Detection and Measurement Lab # 3 (1)
Biochemical instrumental analysis-2
The Nature of Molecules
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
Flashcard Elements Sodium Na Potassium K Fluorine F.
PRACTICE THE ELEMENTS IN ORDER OF ATOMIC NUMBER Na Fe Pb Zn Sn K.
The Schrödinger Model and the Periodic Table. Elementnℓms H He Li Be B C N O F Ne.
Binary Compounds Metals (fixed oxidation) + Nonmetals Objectives:
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Hydrogen. H Helium He Lithium Li Beryllium Be.
Element Symbol Practice. Carbon C Potassium K Beryllium Be.
CHAPTER 2: The Chemistry of Life BIO 121. Chemistry is relevant… (even if we don’t like it)
Essential Elements.
Please do not write on this document. Thank you. Atomic Radius Data Element Name Atomic Number Atomic Radius (pm) Height of Straws (cm) H He
“Stuff” of the Universe The Raw Materials for Planets, Rocks and Life.
Introduction to Mineralogy Dr. Tark Hamilton Chapter 3: Lecture 7 The Chemical Basis of Minerals (sizes, shapes & directions) Camosun College GEOS 250.
Lab 8 – Free Iron and OM in Forest Soils
Cosmic Code Book Periodic Table of ELEMENTS aluminum Al aluminum.
Do you know the Elements??? Identify the element name. Make sure you spell the name correctly!!
ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (AAS) Atomization: It is the conversion of molecules to their component atoms in gaseous state using a source of heat (flame).
Teacher Notes This PPT was revised June 10, This PPT is a review on the atomic characteristics of the four main essential elements hydrogen, carbon,
Relative energy levels of electrons in gaseous atoms of the first twenty elements Increasing energy s p d f 1s Electronic Structure Energy levels within.
EBB 245. Materials Characterisation Lecture 3 X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) Dr Zainovia Lockman PPKBSM, USM (lecture presentations/notes.
57 Elements Test Review. Hydrogen H Lithium Li.
H Hydrogen.
Metal or non-metal? iron (Fe) iodine (I) antimony (Sb) copper (Cu)
WARM UP “Nothing is particularly hard if you break it into small jobs.” –Henry Ford What does this mean to you? How can you apply this to memorizing all.
Introduction to X-Ray fluorescence Analysis Dr. Aseel B. AL- Zubaydi.
KS4 Chemistry Metallic Bonding.
Drill Quiz: Define the law of conservation of mass.
KS4 Chemistry Metallic Bonding.
Do you know the Elements???
Instrument Parameters in WDXRF
Emission of Energy by Atoms and Electron Configurations
Binary Compounds NaCl sodium chlor ine ide (Na1+ Cl1-) CaS
AQA GCSE Atomic structure and periodic table part 2
Chemistry of glaze.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Atomic absorption spectroscopy is based on the same principle as the flame test used in qualitative analysis.
ION BEAM ANALYSIS.
The Periodic Table Part I – Categories of Elements
Ionic vs. Covalent Bonding
Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions
Physical Inorganic Chemistry : THE STRENGTH OF ACIDS & BASES
Photomultiplier (PMT) Tubes
FLAME SPECTROSCOPY The concentration of an element in a solution is determined by measuring the absorption, emission or fluorescence of electromagnetic.
Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidhyalaya, Ppt. name:- x-Ray techniques
Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table
The Periodic Table Part I – Categories of Elements
Presentation transcript:

Total Organic Carbon (TOC) + Total Inorganic Carbon (TIC) Total Carbon (TC) = Total Organic Carbon (TOC) + Total Inorganic Carbon (TIC) Calcite TOC preparation: ~0.25 g dry, powdered sample acidified in baked glass beaker with 1N HCl, @ 60 oC for 12-14 hours filtered with de-ionized water to flush out Cl- onto a baked glass fiber filter transferred to a crucible boat for drying and elemental analysis

Trace elements coprecipitated minerals and soil organic matter (SOM) with secondary soil minerals and soil organic matter (SOM) Solid Coprecipitated trace elements Fe and Al oxides B, P, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Se Mn oxides P, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Mo, As, Se, Pb Ca carbonates P, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cd Illites B, V, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mo, As, Se, Pb Smectites B, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb Vermiculites Ti, Mn, Fe Organic matter Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, P, N

CCS north-facing CCN south-facing

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) The technology was developed in the 1950’s.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF): The emission of characteristic "secondary", or fluorescent, X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. www.niton.com/.../primary-x-ray-radiation.jpg

Irradiating an atom with high-energy primary X-ray photons delivers sufficient energy for an electron to be ejected completely out of the atom. An outer shell L electron falls inward to fill the void created in the inner shell, and an X-ray characteristic of the atom's elements is emitted.

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers Schematic arrangement of wavelength dispersive spectrometer. Bragg’s Law nλ= 2d * sinΘ Schematic arrangement of energy dispersive spectrometer The dispersion and detection are a single operation. Proportional counters or various types of solid state detectors (PIN diode, Si(Li), Ge(Li), Silicon Drift Detector SDD) are used. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_fluorescence

Schematic arrangement of a wavelength-dispersive (WD) X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer B.

Various types of detectors most commonly gas flow proportional and scintillation are used to measure the intensity of the emitted beam on bench top models. Gas flow proportional counters are used mainly for detection of longer wavelengths (lighter elements). The gas is usually 90% argon, 10% methane ("P10"). The argon is ionized by incoming X-ray photons, and the electric field multiplies this charge into a measurable pulse. The methane suppresses the formation of fluorescent photons caused by recombination of the argon ions with stray electrons. Scintillation counters consist of a scintillating crystal (typically of sodium iodide doped with thallium) attached to a photomultiplier. The crystal must be protected with a relatively thick aluminum/beryllium foil window, which limits the use of the detector to wavelengths below 0.25 nm. Typically used for heavier elements. Scintillation - a flash of light produced in certain materials when they absorb ionizing radiation. B. A.

Pressed Powder Disks/Pellets To obtain good XRF results using the pressed powder technique, control of particle size is absolutely critical. Used primarily for trace elements and uniform samples compositions.

For Major Oxide Analysis Fused Glass Disk For Major Oxide Analysis Lithium metaborate flux + sample in a 7:1 proportion Fusion in Pt crucible > 750 oC Fused glass disk from gold or brass mould

Resistance to Abrasion Sample Preparation Typical Composition of Grinding Units Material Major Elements Minor Elements Hardness (Mohs) Resistance to Abrasion Durability Hardened Steel Fe Cr, Si, Mn, C 5.5-6 Moderate High Stainless Steel Fe, Cr Ni, Mn, S, Si 5-5.5 Cr-free Steel C, Mn, Si, Mo Tungsten Carbide W, C, Co Ta, Ti, Nb 8.5 + Long-wearing, but brittle Alumina Ceramic Al Si, Ca, Mg 9 Very High Agate Si Al, Na, Fe, K, Ca, Mg 8.5 Extremely High Very long-wearing, but brittle Zirconia Zr Hf, Mg Very long-wearing Silicon Nitride Y, Al, Fe, Ca Plastic C -- 1.5 Low Low, but disposable Available in the Department

Trace Elements Zr Sr Rb Cr Nb Pb Ni Y Zn Co Major Oxides Cu W Mo Th Detection limit 2 ppm: Zr Sr Rb Cr Nb Pb Ni Y Zn Co Detection limit 5 ppm: Cu W Mo Th Detection limit 10 ppm: U V Detection limit 50 ppm: Ba Major Oxides Detection limit 0.02 %: Al2O3 CaO Fe2O3 K2O P2O5 Na2O MnO MgO TiO2 SiO2 Loss On Ignition (LOI) is carried out at 1000oC. Removes volatiles including carbon, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, and structural and adsorbed water (H2O). Detection limit 0.02 %:   LOI wt.% = (sample weight - residue weight) * 100 sample weight

Laboratory Bench-top Models Field Hand-held Models

Linear Regressions for Select Trace Elements using Standard Reference Materials (SRMs)

PD Soil Profile Profile Horizons Core #1 Major Oxide Concentrations (wt.%) Trace Elements Concentrations (ppm) Al2O3 A AB Bt Bxta Bxtb II Bt II Bx II Bx2 Fe2O3 Na2O MgO Profile Horizons Zr Sr V 5 10 15 20 100 200 300 400 500

PD Soil Profile Profile Horizons Core #1 Major Oxide Concentrations (wt.%) Trace Elements Concentrations (ppm) Al2O3 A AB Bt Bxta Bxtb II Bt II Bx II Bx2 Fe2O3 Na2O MgO Profile Horizons Zr Sr V 5 10 15 20 100 200 300 400 500