2. June 1 Verification of Monte Carlo Transport Codes FLUKA, MARS and SHIELD-A Vera Chetvertkova, E. Mustafin, I.Strasik (GSI, Germany) L.Latysheva, N. Sobolevskiy (INR RAS, Russia)

2. June 2 Content 1. Introduction 2. Verification of electronic stopping modules Experiment Simulations 3. Verification of isotope production modules Experiment Simulations 4. Discussion 5. Summary 6. Conclusion

2. June 3 1. Introduction Monte Carlo codes -used in estimation of radiation hazards in accelerator facilities -are being constantly developed Verification of the codes is needed Project 'Verification of MC transport codes FLUKA, MARS and SHIELD-A' -Verification of electronic stopping modules -Verification of isotope production modules

2. June 4 2. Verification of electronic stopping modules:Experiment A.A. Golubev, E. Mustafin et al, Measurement of the energy deposition profile for 238 U ions with specific energy 500 and 950 MeV/u in stainless steel and copper targets, NIM B 263 (2007) 339–344 The idea: measuring energy deposition function and stopping range using the thick target technique

2. June 5 2. Verification of electronic stopping modules:Simulations 1. Energy deposition function [GeV/mm] + range [mm] Target material equivalent thickness Stainless steel: 262 µm Copper: 235 µm Range, mm E = 500 MeV/uE = 950 MeV/u St. steelCuSt. steelCu Measurement 6.0 ± ± ± ± 0.4 ATIMA PHITS SHIELD SRIM

2. June 6 2. Verification of electronic stopping modules:Simulations 500 MeV/u U beam Stainless steel target Copper target 950 MeV/u U beam

2. June 7 2. Verification of electronic stopping modules:Simulations Measured and calculated penetration depths of 238 U ions in copper and stainless steel targets Penetration depth, mm E = 500 MeV/uE = 950 MeV/u St. steelCuSt. steelCu Measurement 5.7 ± ± ± ± 0.4 SHIELD-A MARS FLUKA

2. June 8 3. Verification of isotope production modules:Experiment Scheme of the experiment Irradiation: 500 MeV/u argon beam Measurements: HPGe detector, 20% efficiency, Energy range: 30keV – 2 MeV Energy resolution at 122 keV – 0.9 keV; at 1.33 MeV – 1.9 keV

2. June 9 3. Verification of isotope production modules:Experiment Cylinder assembled from discs Isotope distribution Depth profiles of activation 1.Simulations of the interaction of certain ions with chosen target =>Finding the stopping range 2.Assembling the target 3.Irradiation 4.Measurements of the residual activity => experimental study of the depth profiles of activity Activation foils

2. June 10 Activation of the aluminum target

2. June Verification of isotope production modules:Simulations Depth profiles of the isotopes activated by argon beam of 500 MeV/u in aluminum target Depth profiles of 7 Be Depth profiles of 22 Na

2. June Discussion How could the discrepancies be explained? ?Differences in cross sections ?Different number of simulated secondary particles ?Different models of nuclear interactions ????

2. June Summary Experiments for finding energy deposition function of uranium ions in copper and stainless steel were held, respective simulations were done Activation of aluminum by argon ions was studied, depth profiles were analyzed and respective simulations were performed

2. June Conclusion MARS and SHIELD-A – the stopping range of U ions (500 MeV/u; 1 GeV/u) in copper and stainless steel was consistent with the experimental results within the error bars – depth profiles of activity induced by argon beam (500 MeV/u) in aluminum target were different either in shape or absolute values (25%÷100% discrepancies) FLUKA –depth profiles of activity induced by argon beam in aluminum target were consistent with the experimental ones within the error bars –the stopping range of the uranium ions was overestimated by 5% for 500 MeV/u and 10% for 950 MeV/u beam