Orthopaedic examination Medical history personal details main complaints (pain, stiffness, swelling, deformity, weakness, instability, changing in sensibility, loss of function)) former course of treatment family and development history, concomitant diseases, social background

Orthopaedic examination General physical examination Evaluate condition and efficiency of internal organs in the context of indication and contraindication to surgical treatment of locomotor system. Orthopaedic examinantion general sectional local

Orthopaedic examination general orthopaedic examinantion static status type of body nourishing proportion symetry dynamic status gait evaluation

sectional orthopaedic examinantion Limbs’ relative lengths Limbs’ absolute lengths Limbs’ circuits

Orthopaedic examination local orthopaedic examinantion (head, spine, upper and lower limb) static status skin evaluation joints’ contours or region contours evaluation evaluation of each joints’ position dynamic status range of motion in each joints muscular strength

Joint and region contours

Thomas Test

The Medical Research Council Scale of muscle power Grade 0 No movement. Grade 1 Only a flicker of movement. Grade 2 Movement with gravity eliminated. Grade 3 Movement against gravity. Grade 4 Movement against resistance. Grade 5 Normal power.

Additional investigations in orthopaedics Laboratory Hematology, biochemical test microbiologic Image examination radiological ultrasonographic CT MRI Histopatologic

Treatment methods used in orthopaedics Conservative treatment redresions plaster immobilisation traction Surgical treatment fracture osteosynthesis osteotomies bone resection joint arthroplasty joint fusions reconstructions of tendons, nerves