1. Sports Injury Assessment

2. Injury Evaluation Process
Symptom: Athletes perception of his or her injury.
Sign: Objective, measurable physical finding regarding the individuals condition.
HOPS- History Observation Palpation Special tests
SOAP- Subjective Objective Assessment Plan.

3. HOPS- History
History: Attitude, mental condition, and perceived physical state.
Stated by the athlete.
Primary Complaint
Mechanism of Injury
Characteristics of the Symptoms
Limitations
Past History

4. HOPS- Observation and Inspection
Observation: Measurable objective signs.
Appearance
Symmetry
General Motor Function
Posture and Gait
Deformity, swelling, discoloration, scars, and general skin condition

5. HOPS- Palpation Rule out FX (fracture) Skin temperature Swelling
Point tenderness
Crepitus
Deformity
Muscle spasm

6. HOPS- Palpation
Cutaneous Sensation (nail bed refill)
Pulse

7. HOPS- Special Tests Functional Tests Stress Tests
Active Range of Motion (AROM)
Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
Resisted Manual Muscle Testing (RROM)
Stress Tests
Ligamentous Instability Tests
Special Tests

8. HOPS- Special Tests Neurologic Tests Sport-Specific Functional Testing
Dermatomes
Myotomes
Reflexes
Peripheral Nerve Testing
Sport-Specific Functional Testing
Proprioception and Motor Coordination

9. HOPS- Special Tests Sport-Specific Skill Performance
Throw the football, baseball, softball, javelin...
Kick the soccer ball, football, opponent…
Macarena, Cabbage Patch, Mash Potato

10. SOAP- Subjective
History: Attitude, mental condition, and perceived physical state.
Stated by the athlete.
Primary Complaint
Mechanism of Injury
Characteristics of the Symptoms
Limitations
Past History

11. SOAP- Objective: Observation: Measurable objective signs. Appearance
Symmetry
General Motor Function
Posture and Gait
Deformity, swelling, discoloration, scars, and general skin condition

12. SOAP- Objective Rule out FX (fracture) Cutaneous Sens.
Skin temperature Pulse
Swelling
Point tenderness
Crepitus
Deformity
Muscle spasm

13. SOAP- Objective Functional Tests Stress Tests
Active Range of Motion (AROM)
Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
Resisted Manual Muscle Testing (RROM)
Stress Tests
Ligamentous Instability Tests
Special Tests

14. SOAP- Objective Neurologic Tests Sport-Specific Functional Testing
Dermatomes
Myotomes
Reflexes
Peripheral Nerve Testing
Sport-Specific Functional Testing
Proprioception and Motor Coordination

15. SOAP- Objective Sport-Specific Skill Performance
Throw the football, baseball, softball, javelin...
Kick the soccer ball, football, opponent…
Macarena, Cabbage Patch, Mash Potato

16. SOAP- Assessment
Analyze and assess the individual’s status and prognosis
Suspected injury Site
Damaged Structures Involved
Severity of Injury
Progress Notes

17. SOAP- Plan Immediate treatment given
Frequency and duration of treatments and modalities and evaluation
On-going patient education
Criteria for discharge/return to play

18. On The Field Assessment
History:
Location of Pain
Presence of abnormal neurological signs
Mechanism of Injury
Associated sounds (snap, crack, pop)

19. On The Field Assessment cont.
Observation:
Check the surrounding area
Body positioning
Movement of the athlete
Level of responsiveness
Primary survey
Inspection for head or neck trauma
Inspection of the injured body part

20. On The Field Assessment cont.
Palpation
Joints
Bones
Soft tissue
Skin temperature

21. On The Field Assessment cont.
Functional Testing
Active Range of Motion (AROM)
Passive Range of Motion (PROM)
Resistive Range of Motion (RROM)
Weight Bearing

22. On The Field Assessment cont.
Stress Testing
Ligamentous stability
Neurological Testing
Cutaneous
Motor

23. On The Field Assessment cont.
Vital Signs
Pulse
Respiratory Rate
Blood Pressure
Temperature
Skin Color
Pupils
Disposition

24. On The Field Assessment cont.
Moving the Athlete
Ambulatory Assist
Manual Conveyance
Spine Board
Pool Extraction

25. Physician Ordered Tests
Blood Test
Radiographs
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Radionuclide Scintigraph (Bone Scan)
Ultrasonic Imaging
Electromyography