LATHE MACHINE A lathe is a machine tool which operates on the principle of a rotating work piece and a fixed cutting tool. Lathe machine is also known as “the mother/father of the entire tool family”.

HISTORY The lathe machine is one of the oldest and most important machine tools. As early as 1569, wood lathes were use in France. The lathe machine was adapted to metal cutting in England during the Industrial Revolution.

INVENTOR OF LATHE

TYPES OF LATHE Engine Lathe Tool room Lathe Turret Lathe Capstan Lathe Wood Lathe CNC Lathe etc

Engine Lathe

Tool room Lathe The tool room lathe is a small to medium-sized engine lathe specially designed for high-precision work. A tool room lathe is capable of better accuracy and precision than a standard engine lathe.

Turret Lathe Turret lathes are used in production machine shops where several sequential operations are needed on single work piece. It is costly and time consuming to remove a work piece from one machine and hold it in another. Removing and re-holding a work piece also introduces errors in work alignment and machining accuracy.

Capstan Lathe

Wood Lathe A machine for shaping a piece of material, such as wood by rotating it rapidly along its axis while pressing a fixed cutting tool against it. Wood lathes can be used to create functional furniture components.

CNC Lathe Computer numerically controlled lathes have largely supplanted engine lathes in production machining environments. Once a program is verified, an operation can be quickly set up again without the need for tedious manual adjustments.

PARTS OF LATHE The parts of centre/engine lathe are: Head stock Tail stock Bed Carriage Lead Screw Apron Tool Holder Head Stock Spindle etc

LATHE OPERATIONS These are basic operations of lathe machine Turning Facing Boring Drilling Reaming Threading Parting Knurling etc

Turning Turning is the removal of metal from the outer diameter of a rotating cylindrical work piece, usually to a specified dimension.

Turning

Facing That produce a flat surface at the end of the work piece or for making face grooves. Tool Is fed radially inward.

Boring Boring is used to increase the inside diameter of a hole. The original hole is made with a drill. Boring, also called internal turning.

Boring

Drilling To produce a hole on the work piece. Cutting tool called a drill or drill bit. Tool is held on the tailstock.

Reaming The process of using a multi-point tool to smooth the interior surface of a hole. 

Threading A pointed tool is fed linearly across the outside or inside surface of the rotating workpart in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation at a large effective feed rate.

Threading

Parting A cutting tool that is cut off the work piece at a specific length. It is normally used to remove the finished end of a work piece from the bar stock that is clamped in the chuck.

Parting

Knurling Knurling is a process of impressing a diamond shaped or straight line pattern into the surface of a work piece by using specially shaped hardened metal wheels.

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