Apes exam review Day 5

Sewage treatment

Types of coal

Coal-related air pollutants Carbon Dioxide (#1 Source) Sulfur Dioxide Nitrogen Oxides Particulate Matter Mercury

Products made from oil

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries The acronym OPEC refers to the Which is important because… Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries It is made up of 13 countries that have about 60% of the world’s oil reserves. They basically control the oil market.

Hydraulic Fracturing Fracking is a common name for Which is a concern because… Hydraulic Fracturing It fractures rock and causes seismic events, while using and contaminating millions of gallons of freshwater.

Deepwater Horizon was an offshore oil rig. Explain what the deepwater horizon was, where it was, and why it is significant… Deepwater Horizon was an offshore oil rig. It was stationed in the Gulf of Mexico On April 20, 2010 it exploded and oil gushed from the seafloor for 87 days with an estimated discharge of 210 million gallons. It was the worst marine oil spill in history.

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge The acronym ANWR refers to the Which is important because… Arctic National Wildlife Refuge It is the largest wilderness area in the US, established in 1960 to preserve diversity, ensure a place for hunting & gathering and protect water quality.

Energy calculation On the chalkboard Answer: 150 Watts

Energy calculation On the chalkboard Answer: 150 Watts

Corporate Average Fuel Economy The acronym CAFÉ refers to the Which is important because… Corporate Average Fuel Economy They are regulations in the US which are intended to improve the average fuel economy of cars and light trucks produced for sale in the US.

Threatened Desert Tortoise Solar power tower in CA Threatened Desert Tortoise Endangered Peninsular Bighorn Sheep

Conserve all the energy! Energy efficient appliances/led lightbulbs Unplug electronics/chargers when not in use Walk/bike/carpool/public transportation Double-paned, southern facing windows

Explain what Chernobyl was, where it was, and why it is significant… Chernobyl was a Nuclear Power Plant. It was located in the Ukraine. On April 26, 1986 it melted down and an explosion and subsequent fire released large quantities of radioactivity into the atmosphere, which spread across western Europe and the USSR.

Mining Table – open pit mining Description Environmental Consequences Type of surface mining where a large hole or “pit” is dug into the ground. Perfect for reaching deep and wide ore deposits like copper. Road Construction – erosion, water damage, habitat fragmentation Tailings (waste) – contaminate land and water with acids & metals

Mining Table – Subsurface mining Description Environmental Consequences Underground mining where tunnels are built to reach ores like coal, diamonds and gold. Vertical shafts and elevators transport miners. Horizontal shafts for equipment and conveyors. Acid Mine Drainage – water with SUPER LOW pH. Contamination of Soil and nearby rivers. Many safety hazards in humans.

Mining Table – strip mining Description Environmental Consequences Type of surface mining where “strips” are removed of soil and rock. Ores like some coal and sand deposits are usually close to the surface in these areas. Road Construction – erosion, water damage, habitat fragmentation Tailings (waste) – contaminate land and water with acids & metals

Mining Table – mountaintop removal Description Environmental Consequences Type of surface mining where explosives are used to remove the top of a mountain to expose the ore beneath it. Extra soil is dumped into nearby valleys and rivers. Road Construction – erosion, water damage, habitat fragmentation Tailings (waste) – contaminate land and water with acids & metals

Mining Table – Drilling Description Environmental Consequences Liquid petroleum and natural gas need to be drilled to extract the ore. This can occur on land or under the ocean (AKA Offshore). Road Construction – erosion, water damage, habitat fragmentation Tailings (waste) – contaminate land and water with acids & metals

Strengthen this statement “Mining causes pollution that may disrupt the environment.” Write YOUR answer on a whiteboard Meet with your row, and determine the best answer in your row Share with the class

exemplar Mining causes many environmental issues. The main pollutants from mining include atmospheric gases like CO2, SO2, NO2, particulate matter and CH4, as well as soil/water pollution from runoff, including sediment, sulfuric acid, mercury, arsenic and in gold mining, cyanide.

Lead Silicon Aluminum Iron Uranium Elements and ores Galena Quartz Bauxite Hematite Pitchblende Lead Silicon Aluminum Iron Uranium

It was located in Middletown, PA. Explain what three mile island was, where it was, and why it is significant… Three Mile Island was a Nuclear Power Plant. It was located in Middletown, PA. In 1979 a cooling malfunction caused part of the core to melt down. Some radiation was released, but not enough to harm local residents. Worst nuclear accident in US history.

Thermal pollution - Nuclear Nuclear power plants use water as a cooling agent. Water returned to water supply 9- 20oC warmer. Hot water causes aquatic damage like in the figure Now use cooling ponds/towers to cool water before putting it back.

Fukushima was a Nuclear Power Plant. Explain what fukushima was, where it was, and why it is significant… Fukushima was a Nuclear Power Plant. It was located in Japan. In March of 2011, an initial failure occurred when the plant was hit by a tsunami, triggered by a 9.0 earthquake. No fatalities or short term radiation exposure were reported.

Half-life calculation Percent Left # of Days # of Half-Lives Set up This Table!  Half-life calculation On the chalkboard Answer: 80 days

Energy calculation On the chalkboard Answer: $9 daily and $3,285 yearly