Unit 3 Chapter 10 Cell Cycle

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 3 Chapter 10 Cell Cycle Section 10.1

A) Chromosome Structure Chromosomes: rod-shaped structure that holds DNA and proteins -histones: protein that DNA wraps around -nonhistone: proteins that help control DNA activity

A) Chromosome Structure Sister Chromatids: halfs of a chromosomes that contain identical info. Centromere: connecting point of sister chromatids Chromatin: loosely coiled DNA and histones in eukaryotes

Chromosome Structure

A) Chromosome Structure 5) Prokaryotes: - 1 chromosome - Circular DNA

B) Chromosome Numbers Sex Chromosomes: mainly determine sex of organism, but do carry other information - Female: XX - Male: XY

All autosomes are in identical pairs B) Chromosome Numbers Autosomes: Any other chromosome All autosomes are in identical pairs Homologous pairs: two copies of each autosome Code for same size, shape, and traits

B) Chromosome Numbers Karyotypes: chart of a complete set of chromosomes for an organism -Humans have 46 chromosomes  23 chromosomes from each parent

B) Chromosome Numbers Diploid: any set of chromosome pairs Haploid: 1 chromosome, generally sex cells (sperm, eggs)

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