JUSTICE MODEL OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Right and wrong perceived in terms of physical consequences of an action Actions that lead to pleasant consequences are good Actions that lead to unpleasant consequences are bad Obedience to authority to avoids punishment

Stage 2: Instrument and Relativity Right action is the one that meets own needs and desires Manipulate feelings and needs of others Right actions are the tools used to meet personal needs What is considered right changes according to different situations

Stage 3: Interpersonal Concordance Morally right actions are those that gain social approval Morally wrong actions are those that bring social rejection Strong influence from peer group Peer group decides which actions lead to social approval and which lead to disapproval

Stage 4: Law and Order Feel moral duty to maintain order and stability of community Actions that promote harmony and smooth functioning of a society are seen as right Actions that interfere with this social order are seen as wrong Strong sense of citizenship, duty, responsibility, and obedience to the laws of the land

Stage 5: The Social Contract Government is seen as legal authority, not moral one Morality is viewed in terms of important social values The role of the government is to do the will of the people The role of the people is to question, challenge, and change government if necessary

Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles Morality based on individual, self-chosen, ethical principles Feel need to rise above the values and beliefs of society Sacrifice own needs and interests to pull society up to a higher moral plane

Kohlberg’s Moral Stages

CARING MODEL OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

Step 1: Self-Centeredness Morally right actions are those that meet own needs and interests This attitude is expressed in acts of selfishness, a lack of concern for others, and actions that exploit or manipulate others for personal gain

Step 2: Others-Centeredness Feel obligated to ignore own needs and interests to meet the needs and interests of others Attitude is often referred to as the Martyr Syndrome Mistaken belief that seeing yourself as a good person requires having to sacrifice yourself or your needs for others

Step 3: Balancing Needs Morally mature people understand that living a complete life means finding ways to meet both their own needs and interests and those of other people who are close to them Do not feel guilty for meeting own needs Ethics is caring for me and them

Gilligan’s Stages of Moral Development

Journal Write In the Justice Model of moral development, which stage do you see yourself at right now? Explain why you think so. Provide an example. In the Caring Model of moral development, which step do you see yourself at now? Explain why you think so. Provide an example. Which of the two models of moral development seems to fit your own life experiences more closely? In other words, which model do you identify with more? Why? Examples are helpful!