Warm Up Activity Analyze the TWO cartoons and follow the instructions to answer the prompt Textbook: 414-415 AMSCO: 253-255

Warm Up Review List the parts of Henry Clay’s Compromise of 1850. What 4 territories had Popular Sovereignty by 1860? What new political party was formed to opposed the expansion of slavery in the WEST? What was the name of the land we acquired from Arizona to build a RR? What did Wilmot’s Proviso say about the land we gained from Mexico? Why was Kansas nicknames ‘Bleeding Kansas’? What previous law did the Kansas-Nebraska Act overturn? Why were so many Northerners against the Fugitive Slave Act?

The 1850s: The Road to Secession Daily Objectives Analyze the sectional tensions of the 1850’s that led to Southern Secession Discuss key personalities that fueled sectionalism in the 1850s.

Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850 California statehood. Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession. Fighting in western territories over Pop. Sov. Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: Personal liberty laws Moral conviction that slavery was wrong

Compromise of 1850

Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Sold 300,000 copies in the first year. 2 million in a decade! Showed evils of slavery No other American novel in history had such a political force!

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians) “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians” (pro-slavery Missourians)

Lecompton Constitution Proslavery forces devised tricky document called Lecompton Constitution which would allow slavery in the state Free-soilers were outraged and boycotted the polls and Lecompton passed Buchanan supported Lecompton Lecompton put back to popular vote to all people living in Kansas Lecompton overwhelming defeated by Free Soilers Kansas remained a territory

“The Crime Against Kansas” Sen. Charles Sumner (R-MA) Abolitionist Congr. Preston Brooks (D-SC) Pro-Slavery

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] Nativists. Anti-Catholics. Anti-immigrants. 1849  Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 Northern Whigs. Northern Democrats. Free-Soilers. Know-Nothings. Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

1856 Presidential Election √ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

1856 Election Results

Dred Scott Decision Read the Case background and the Court’s decision Answer the accompanying questions Be prepared to discuss

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 Chief Justice Taney Made the Important Verdicts: African Americans are not citizens and therefore can not sue in the US courts African Americans are private property and can be taken anywhere in US and are still slaves Missouri Compromise line (36’30*) is unconstitutional because Congress can not restrict or ban slavery in territories

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Popular Sovereignty? The Courts/Gov’t or the People?

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry (20c) Pottawatomie Creek Massacre (Murder of ProSlavery Men)

Activity Read the Primary Source Documents on John Brown and answer the questions

1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union 1860 Presidential Election Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860 Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers. Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

Lincoln’s Election -Lincoln wins election with no southern electoral votes -Southern states secede in fear of gov’t where they have no voice -S.C. first to secede, 6 others follow - Confederate States of America formed before Lincoln takes office -Jefferson Davis elected Confederate President

1860 Election Results

Crittenden Compromise: A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden (Know-Nothing-KY) -South of 36’30* line Slavery was given Federal protection -Future states come into Union as they choose with or without slavery

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Homework Read Chapter 20 pp. 434-444 Complete the Chart Answer the questions on the Ch. 18-19 Study Guide

Pro-Slavery Or Anti-Slavery?? Exit Practice Harriet Stowe Roger Taney John Brown Dred Scott Lincoln Zach Taylor John Calhoun Pro-Slavery Or Anti-Slavery??