Evolution of Pottery Part 2

The Iron Age About 900 BC to 1300 BC The Iron Age About 900 BC to 1300 BC *bronze had previously been used to make tools *development of higher temperature smelting techniques resulted in tools and weapons made of iron and steel.

steel was too difficult to produce. wrought iron is easy to use *steel was too difficult to produce *wrought iron is easy to use *less expensive *easily sharpened

Olmec Culture Middle America 1200 BC- 500 BC Olmec Culture Middle America 1200 BC- 500 BC *eastern gulf coast of Mexico *one of the earliest civilizations in pre-Columbian Central America (Pre-columbian means the time in the Americas before European influence, generally before 1500AD)

Olmecs made. stone sculptures Olmecs made *stone sculptures *clay figurines depicting were-jaguars (half human, half jaguar) *baby figures (believed to be earthly forms of gods)

Olmec were-jaguar

Chavin Culture South America 1100 BC-400 BC Chavin Culture South America 1100 BC-400 BC *made a whistle jar (whistled when the contents of the jar was poured out)

also made a stirrup vessel *also made a stirrup vessel. (all pots used in funeral ceremonies and buried with the dead)

Middle East: Azerbaijan 900 BC-500 BC Earliest Lead Glaze Middle East: Azerbaijan 900 BC-500 BC Earliest Lead Glaze *extended color range in glaze was achieved when lead was introduced into glaze formulas *Black, red, green, purple, yellow and white *Lead is toxic *should not be used on pottery because it can leach into food and beverages

Classic Greek Pottery 1000 BC-300 BC

Ancient Greeks used black slip *Ancient Greeks used black slip *they painted heroic and mythical figures on a red clay background *they controlled the amount of _________ in the kiln (answer next slide)

Answer: oxygen

negative shapes were painted with black slip *negative shapes were painted with black slip *figures (positive shapes) remained the color of the clay

Italy 700 BC- 400 BC. they made brilliant colored life-sized figures Italy 700 BC- 400 BC *they made brilliant colored life-sized figures *decorated their temples and sarcophagi

Middle East Tin+Lead Glazes 600 BC Middle East Tin+Lead Glazes 600 BC *potters painted a tin+lead white glaze background on red tiles then painted decorations *walls and buildings were decorated with beautiful tiles *later, they drew raised lines with slip, which kept the glaze colors from running into each other

Africa Terra Cotta Sculpture 300 BC- 1400 AD Africa Terra Cotta Sculpture 300 BC- 1400 AD *Africans developed great skill with clay *they made full-sized human figures

Xi-an, China Terra Cotta Army. for Emperor Qin’s imperial tomb Xi-an, China Terra Cotta Army *for Emperor Qin’s imperial tomb *246-210BC *made by 700,000 Chinese workers in factory *8000 clay soldiers (all different) *130 chariots, 670 horses *discovered underground in 1974

China, Han Dynasty 206 BC- 221 AD. Mingqui (tomb pottery) was produced China, Han Dynasty 206 BC- 221 AD *Mingqui (tomb pottery) was produced *models of family, servants, buildings, farm animals *made to accompany the deceased to the spirit world.

Han Dynasty “Fowling Tower”

Korea 57 BC- 935 AD *ash-glazed stoneware *lead-glazed earthenware

South America 100- 700 AD Mochica potters made ceremonial pots South America 100- 700 AD Mochica potters made ceremonial pots *recorded historical and mythological events *narrated their life and customs

China 200 AD. discovery of leadless glaze China 200 AD *discovery of leadless glaze *required high temperature firing.

The Roman Empire 200 BC- 476 AD. mass production, large kilns The Roman Empire 200 BC- 476 AD *mass production, large kilns *bricks, roof tiles, ceramic floor tiles, decorative ornaments

Next: the The Dark Ages in Western Europe Evolution III

In LAB Next Week Make 10 slide power point Choose ONE topic Read more about it Make 10 slide power point Present to class Nov 3-6