The French Revolution 10.2.4 - Explain how the ideology of the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire.

French Revolution Sept 16/17 Standard Objective 10.2.4 - Explain how the ideology of the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire. I will understand the inequalities of French Society and explain the causes of the French Revolution through a simulation. Warm Up: Copy down the following vocabulary terms into your notebook. Estate Estates-General Legislative assembly Bourgeoisie Émigré coup-d'état Plebiscite Concordat

Who are the players? First Estate (1%) Second Estate (2%) Roman Catholic Church Owned 10% of the land in France Provided education and relief to the poor Second Estate (2%) Rich nobles Owned 20% of the land in France and paid no taxes Did not like enlightenment thinking Third Estate (97%) Broken up into 3 different groups: bourgeoisie, workers of France, and the peasants of France

The Third Estate Bourgeoisie Middle class (bankers, factory owners, merchants, professionals, skilled artisans) Paid high taxes and lacked privileges Wanted more power due to their wealth Workers of France Tradespeople, apprentices, laborers, domestic servants Were paid low wages, not much work, often went hungry. When bread prices went up, this group attacked grain carts and stole what was needed to survive Peasants of France Made up 80% of France’s population Half their income went to taxes Money to the nobles, tithes to the Church, and taxes to the King Hate the clergy and the nobles for the privileges and special treatment received

Simulation! You will all be given a role to play in French Society Read your slip of paper Get into your groups Decide the course of action moving to the next situation. BE RESPECTFUL DURING DISCUSSION!

Goals of the Simulation First Estate – Keep as much power as you currently have. If you lose power, you fail the simulation Second Estate – Keep as much power as you currently have or gain more power if possible. If you lose power, you fail the simulation Third estate – Gain more power. If you fail to gain more power, you fail the simulation

Situation 1 The American Revolution has just become successful! The new Americans have revolted against a king who was not doing his job and giving them equal representation. The ideas of Locke, Rousseau, and Voltaire that influenced that revolution are making its way through the Third Estate!

Situation 2 As the 1780’s have come, there has been a decline in the economy. Heavy taxing of the Third Estate has become very difficult to conduct business and making a profit. The cost of living has increased. Crops have been destroyed due to bad weather, where many people who cannot afford food has begun to starve.

TAX TIME! First Estate – 10 Second Estate – 7 Bourgeoisie – 5 Workers/Peasants - 3 Third Estate– Pay 1 to the Second Estate TITHING DAY Second and Third Estate pay 2 to the First estate

Situation 3 Because the previous kings left King Louis XVI a debt, he has asked to borrow money from the people. The bankers refused to lend him money. In order to pay for the debt and his expensive lifestyle, King Louis XVI has raised taxes. His wife, Marie Antoinette (a.k.a Madame Deficit) is often seen with new gowns, jewels, gambling the money or gifting items to her friends. Instead of cutting expenses, he decides to raise taxes on the nobles only.

Reflection How did you personally feel as each estate you portrayed? Would you have done anything differently? After these three situations, how did you think the breakdown of power in France was done pre-French Revolution? Was it fair for all people? If not, who did it favor and why? The Third Estate was justified in revolting against the king. Use the philosophical ideas of Locke, Rousseau and Voltaire to explain why they had the right to revolt against the king.

What started the French Revolution? Cause Effect Enlightenment ideas Influences from Locke, Rousseau, and Voltaire Economic troubles Although trade was growing, taxes were taking the money out of the hand of the people, making business not profitable A weak leader King Louis XVI did not deal with problems and his wife, Marie Antoinette spent his money on things for her (jewelry, dresses, etc) Third Estate becomes inspired by their ideas and the American Revolution People began to face starvation due to high taxes on items and bad weather destroying crops. Nobility was taxed, who then called the Estate-General

REVOLUTION! Revolution!