Degree of Comparison There are three kinds of comparison: 1 Degree of Comparison There are three kinds of comparison: 1. Positive degree 2. Comparative degree 3. Superlative degree

Positive Degree → is used o compare two thinks that are equal. The pattern : S + to be + as + adj + as S + verb + as + adv + as Examples My book is as interesting as yours His car runs as fast as a race car Their house is as big as that one

The Pattern for 1 syllable 2. Comparative Degree → is used to compare two things that are not equal. The Pattern for 1 syllable S + to be + adj + er + than S + verb + adv + er + than Examples Today is hotter than yesterday Bill runs faster than Bob This exercise is easier than the last one Andi works harder than his brother

The pattern for more than two syllables S + to be + more + adj + than S + verb + more + adv + than Examples This red dress is more comfortable than the white He speaks Spanish more fluently than I This year’s exhibit is more impressive than the last year’s He visits his family more frequently than she does

The pattern for 1 syllable 3. Superlative Degree → is used to compare one thing with two or more other things. The pattern for 1 syllable S + to be + the + adj + est S + verb + the + adv + est Examples John is the tallest boy in the family 2. He works the hardest employee of all the employee in this office.

The pattern for more than two syllables S + to be + the most + adj S + verb + the most + adv Examples That was the most boring film I have ever seen Sally dances the most gracefully of all the participant NOTE * Use the form more + adjective for adjective ending in the following suffixes: -ed, -ful, -ing, -ish and ous (more useful, more boring, more cautious) * When an adjective ends in a consonant +y, change the y to i and add –er or - est (happy-happier/ the happiest, dry-drier/the driest) and for –some, - ow and add –er or -est (handsomer/the handsomest, narrower/the narrowest)

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE Bad Far Good Well Little much/many Worse Farther Further Better Less more The worst The Farthest The Furthest The best the best The least The most

For examples 1. His behavior is as bad (bad) as his brother’s. 2. New York has the most (many) tall buildings of any city in the world 3. She knits as good (good) as her mother 4. Alisa plays the violin better (good) than the other violinist

Exercises You can tell Harris about it just ____(easily) as I can. That tall woman is _____ (ambitious) secretary in this house. Pierre understands English _____ (little) of all the students He plays guitar _____ (well) as Andre Segovia. Nobody is _______ (happy) than Maria Elen Brazil export ____ (much) coffee of all the American countries

Passive Voice

BACKGROUND Sentences can be written or spoken in the active or passive voice. Active sentence is the sentence where the subject is doing the work, by contrast, passive sentences are sentences where the subject is the object of the sentence imposed by the job.

ACTIVE SETENCE CHANGE INTO PASSIVE SETENCE 1. PRESENT FORM Example: John bites Marry (active) Marry is bitten by John (Passive) AKTIF :S + V1 + O PASIF :S + To be (is,am,are) + V3 + by_

2. PAST FORM Contoh: John bit Mary (active) AKTIF :S + V2 + O PASIF :S + be(was/were ) + V3 + by_ Contoh: John bit Mary (active) Mary was bitten by John (passive)

3. CONTINOUS FORM Example: John is biting Marry (active) Marry is being bitten by John (Passive) AKTIF :S + To be + V-ing + O PASIF :S + To be + being + V3 + by

4. PERFECT FORM Example: John has bitten Marry (active) AKTIF :S + To be (has/have/had)+ V3 + O PASIF :S + To be (has/have/had ) been + V3 + by Example: John has bitten Marry (active) Marry has been bitten by John (Passive)

5. FUTURE FORM Example: John will bite Mary(active) AKTIF :S + will+ V1 + O PASIF :S + will+( be)inf + V3 + by_ Example: John will bite Mary(active) Marry will bitten by John (Passive)

The Conversion from Active Form to Passive Form Present She washes her dresses. She is washing her dresses. She has washing her dresses. Her dresses are washed. Her dresses are being washed. Her dresses have been washed. Past She washed her dresses. She was washing her dresses. She had washed her dresses. Her dresses were washed. Her dresses were being washed. Continous Her dresses is being washed. Perfect She has washed her dresses. Her dresses has been washed. Future She will wash her dresses. Her dresses will be washed.

KETERANGAN Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif adalah sebagai berikut: Tenses kalimat pasif sama dengan tense kalimat aktif Subjek dalam kalimat pasif berasal dari objek kalimat aktif Objek dalam kalimat pasif berasal dari subjek kalimat aktif Verb/kata kerja dalam kalimat aktif berupa menjadi to be + V3 atau to be + being + V3

Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle Form of Passive Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle Example: A letter was written When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following: the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Use of Passive Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

FINISH… Thank You… ^^

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