Indian Independence Movement

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Indian Independence Movement What methods did Gandhi use and did they work?

I. Rise of Indian Nationalism A. After WWI, Indians get no self-rule and were (again) treated as 2nd class citizens 1. Indian National Congress (Hindu) and Muslim League (Islam) began to campaign for Indian independence 2. Some Indian radicals began to violently protest British rule B. 1919: British pass Rowlatt bills (imprison w/o charges, no gatherings) C. Mohandas Gandhi protests unfair laws, uses non-violent resistance/non-cooperation 1. Gandhi organized peaceful marches & public refusal to obey unfair British laws “An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind” “Victory attainted by violence is actually defeat”

D. 4/13/1919: Hindu & Muslim Indians gather in Amritsar to protest 1. British say Indians were openly defying Rowlatt & order troops to open fire on the crowd – 400 killed in Amritsar Massacre E. Gandhi urges followers to continue nonviolence, begins boycott of British goods & taxes 1. Boycott on cloth is very successful & British are losing money! 2. 1930: Gandhi organizes the Salt March a. Police officers beat the marchers. American media captures event F. 1947: Independence granted but British partition country based on religion (India, East & West Pakistan)