Friday Bellwork Predict the products of the following reactions and balance the equation. Ca + N2  Cl2 + Fe (iron III)  MgO + CO2  Mg3N2  Li3N  H2CO3 

Types of Chemical Reactions Part 3 Single Replacement and Double Replacement Reactions 11.2

Single Replacement Reaction: One element replaces another element in a compound. element + compound  element + compound A + BC  AC + B

___Zn + ___HCl  ___Cl2 + ___KI  2 ___ZnCl2 + ___H2 2 ___KCl + ___I2 2

To determine if a single replacement reaction will take place you must compare the activities of the elements involved. For metals, use the Activity Series (pg. 217). A metal will replace any metal below it on the activity series.

Activity Series of Metals and Halogens Metals Halogens Deceasing activity Lithium Fluorine Potassium Chlorine Calcium Bromine Sodium Iodine Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Chromium Iron Nickel Tin Lead HYDROGEN Copper Mercury Silver Platinum Gold Will Na replace Cr in a single replacement reaction? Yes!

Activity Series of Metals Practice: ___I2 + ___NaCl  ___AgNO3 + ___Mg  ___KBr + ___F2  ___Mg(NO3)2 + ____Cu  N.R. 2 2 ___Mg(NO3)2 + ___Ag 2 2 ___KF + ___Br2 Activity Series of Metals Lithium Potassium Barium Calcium Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Zinc Iron Cadmium Nickel Tin Lead Hydrogen (a nonmetal) Copper Mercury Silver Platinum Gold Metals from Li to Na will replace H from water and acids; metals from Mg to Pb will replace H from acids only. Decreasing Activity N.R.

Double Replacement Reaction: Two elements replace each other in compounds. AB + CD  AD + CB MgCO3 + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2CO3 AgNO3 + NaCl  AgCl + NaNO3

In order for double replacement reaction to take place, one of the products must be an insoluble solid (ppt), a gas, or a molecular compound (like H2O). Solubility rules on pg 227 list common insoluble substances.

Negative Ion Plus Positive Ion Form a Compound Which is: Any negative ion + Alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) Soluble Ammonium ion Nitrate Any positive ion Acetate Ag+ Not soluble Chloride, Bromide, or Iodide Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+, Cu+ Any other positive ion Sulfate Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ra2+, Ag+, Pb2+ Sulfide Alkali ions or Ammonium, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Hydroxide Alkali ions or Ammonium Phosphate, Carbonate, or Sulfite

The Solubility Song! Nitrates and Group One and Ammonium, To the tune of “ My Favorite Things” from “The Sound of Music” Nitrates and Group One and Ammonium, These are all soluble, a rule of thumb. Then you have chlorides, they’re soluble fun, All except Silver, Lead, Mercury I. Then you have sulfates, except for these three: Barium, Calcium and Lead, you see. Worry not only few left to go still. We will do fine on this test. Yes, we will! Then you have the--- Insolubles Hydroxide, Sulfide and Carbonate and Phosphate, And all of these can be dried!

Compound Precipitate Formed? BaSO4 _______ Pb(NO3)2 _______ Ag2S _______ PbCl2 _______ NH4Cl _______ Cr PO4 _______ Yes No Yes Yes No Yes

__Na2SO4 + __Ba(NO3)2  __NaOH + __Fe(NO3)3  __NaNO3 + __BaSO4 2 Na+ NO3- Ba2+ SO42- NaNO3 BaSO4 3 __NaNO3 + __Fe(OH)3 3 Na+ NO3- Fe3+ OH- NaNO3 Fe(OH)3