1. How to predict a Product

2. Synthesis Acid anhydride + water  acid Base anhydride + water  base
Nonmetallic oxide is acid anhydride
Metallic oxide is base anhydride

3. Decomposition
Electrolysis: splits the molecule
Heating: most common

4. Heat hydroxides Produce the oxide and water
Exceptions: group 1 hydroxides

5. Heat carbonates
Produce oxide and CO2
Exceptions: group 1 carbonates

6. Heat sulfates Produce oxide and sulfur trioxide
Exceptions: groups 1 and 2

7. Heat nitrates Produce oxide, oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide
Exceptions: group I nitrates produce nitrites and oxygen

8. Heat chlorates
All produce the chloride and oxygen gas

9. Heat oxides Only for silver, mercury, platinum, palladium, and gold
Produce metal and oxygen gas

10. Single replacement Free metal must be higher on the reactivity series
Free nonmetal must be higher on the nonmetal reactivity series

11. Activity Series of the MetalsLi Rb K Ba Sr Ca Na Mg Al Mn Zn Cr Fe Cd Co Ni Sn Pb H2 Sb Bi Cu Hg Ag Pt Au

12. Activity Series of the Nonmetals
Cl2
Br2 I2

13. Double replacement Both conditions must occur
Both reactants must be soluble in water
Must be evidence of a chemical reaction
Color change
Precipitate
Bubbles

14. Solubility Rules 1. All nitrates, acetates, and chlorates are soluble.
2. All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except for Ag+, Hg22+, and Pb 2+
3. All sulfates are soluble except for Ca 2+, Sr 2+, Hg22+, Pb2+, and Ag+
4. All carbonates, chromates, sulfites, and phosphates are insoluble except those of group I and NH4+
5. All hydroxides are insoluble except for those of group I and lower II
6. All sulfides except those of the I and II groups are insoluble
7. Salts containing a group I metal or the ammonium ion are soluble

15. Complete combustion
Always produces carbon dioxide and water

16. Decomposition problems what if you heat:
Calcium oxide
Aluminum hydroxide
Sodium chlorate
Sodium sulfate
Sodium nitrate
Calcium nitrate
Magnesium carbonate
Magnesium sulfate

17. answers Calcium oxide: nothing
Aluminum hydroxide aluminum oxide and water
Sodium chlorate sodium chloride and oxygen
Sodium sulfate nothing
Sodium nitrate sodium nitrite and oxygen
Calcium nitrate calcium oxide, O2 , NO2
Magnesium carbonate MgO and CO2
Magnesium sulfate nothing