Quantum Model of the Atom

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Presentation transcript:

Quantum Model of the Atom Electrons in Atoms Quantum Model of the Atom

Electrons as Waves Louis de Broglie (1924) Applied wave-particle theory to e- e- exhibit wave properties QUANTIZED WAVELENGTHS

Radial Distribution Curve Quantum Mechanics Orbital (“electron cloud”) Region in space where there is 90% probability of finding an e- Orbital Radial Distribution Curve

Quantum Numbers Four Quantum Numbers: Specify the “address” of each electron in an atom UPPER LEVEL

Quantum Numbers 1. Principal Quantum Number ( n ) Energy level Size of the orbital

Quantum Numbers f d s p 2. Angular Momentum Quantum # ( l ) Energy sublevel Shape of the orbital f d s p

C. Quantum Numbers 3. Magnetic Quantum Number ( ml ) Orientation of orbital Specifies the exact orbital within each sublevel

C. Quantum Numbers 4. Spin Quantum Number ( ms ) Electron spin  +½ or -½ An orbital can hold 2 electrons that spin in opposite directions.

Quantum Numbers 2s 2px 2py 2pz Orbitals combine to form a spherical shape. 2s 2pz 2py 2px

Quantum Numbers Pauli Exclusion Principle No two electrons in an atom can have the same 4 quantum numbers. Each e- has a unique “address”: 1. Principal #  2. Ang. Mom. #  3. Magnetic #  4. Spin #  energy level sublevel (s,p,d,f) orbital electron

Aufbau Principle Electrons will fill the lowest energy level available (e- want to be as close to the nucleus as possible) They must fill in order! Once a sublevel is full, then move to the next available sublevel.

Quantum Numbers px py pz