1. Chapter 4 Electrons as Waves
Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom
Chapter 4
Electrons as Waves
Electrons, like light waves, can undergo diffraction and interference.
Diffraction - bending of a wave as it passes by the edge of an object or through a small opening.
Interference occurs when waves overlap.

2. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom
Chapter 4
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Heisenberg uncertainty principle - it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle.

3. The Schrödinger Wave Equation
Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom
Chapter 4
The Schrödinger Wave Equation
Quantum theory describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles.
Orbital - three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron.

4. Atomic Orbitals and Quantum Numbers
Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom
Chapter 4
Atomic Orbitals and Quantum Numbers
Quantum numbers specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals.
Principal quantum number (n) - indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron.
Angular momentum quantum number (l) - indicates the shape of the orbital.

5. Atomic Orbitals and Quantum Numbers
Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom
Chapter 4
Atomic Orbitals and Quantum Numbers
Magnetic quantum number (m) - indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus.
Spin quantum number - has only two possible values—(+1/2 , 1/2)—which indicate the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital.

6. Shapes of s, p, and d Orbitals
Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom
Chapter 4
Shapes of s, p, and d Orbitals

7. Electrons Accommodated in Energy Levels and Sublevels
Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom
Chapter 4
Electrons Accommodated in Energy Levels and Sublevels

8. Electrons Accommodated in Energy Levels and Sublevels
Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom
Chapter 4
Electrons Accommodated in Energy Levels and Sublevels

9. Quantum Numbers of the First 30 Atomic Orbitals
Section 2 The Quantum Model of the Atom
Chapter 4
Quantum Numbers of the First 30 Atomic Orbitals