MHS 5340 Foundations of Career Development Use of Theory in Designing and Delivering Career Services James P. Sampson, Jr. Florida State University

Benefits of Theory for Counselors Explain causal factors in behavior and guide needs assessment and diagnosis Plan interventions and treatment plans as well as homework assignments Foundation for developing assessments and information / instructional resources Evaluate counseling outcomes

Benefits of Theory for Clients Better understand the nature of their problems Better understand the value and use of counseling interventions and homework assignments Better understand their assessment results and information / instructional resources Evaluate success in changing behaviors

Career Theory Emphasis in this course CIP Theory (Peterson, Sampson, Reardon, & Lenz) John Holland Donald Super John Krumboltz

Other Useful Career Theory Work-Adjustment (Lofquist & Dawis) Social-Cognitive (Lent, Brown & Hackett) Circumscription and Compromise (Linda Gotfredson) Constructivist Contextual (Young, Valach, & Collin) SocioDynamic (Peavy) Values (Brown) Sociological (Borow) Career Decision Making (Gati) DOTS Model (Watts & Law )

CIP Theory Refer to CIP Approach presentations www.career.fsu.edu/techcenter/designingcareerservices.html

John Holland RIASEC Typology of interests (also includes values and abilities) Secondary constructs Application of the theory

RIASEC Typology Classification of individuals and environments by personality - Hexagon Realistic Investigative Artistic Social Enterprising Conventional

Secondary Constructs Congruence Coherence of aspirations or work history Vocational identity Consistency Differentiation Commonness

Application of the Theory Self-help resources Self-Directed Search and Occupations Finder High school students and adults (Form R), Middle school students (Career Explorer), Employed adults (Form CP), Low reading adults (Form E) Paper and Pencil, Mail-in scoring, Computer, and Internet versions available for Form R Educational Opportunities Finder, Leisure Activities Finder also available You and Your Career

Application of the Theory Counselor-mediated resources My Vocational Situation Position Classification Inventory Career Attitudes and Strategies Inventory Dictionary of Holland Occupational Codes Vocational Preference Inventory Vocational Exploration and Insight Kit (VEIK) Schema for organizing occupations, programs of study, positions, leisure activities

Donald Super Developmental process Readiness for decision making Life-Career Rainbow Application of the theory

Developmental Process Longitudinal, developmental approach instead of a single choice, matching approach Implementation of self-concept

Life Stages and Substages Growth Fantasy Interest Capacity Exploration Tentative Transition Trail-Little Commitment

Life Stages and Substages Establishment Trial-Commitment and Stabilization Advancement Maintenance Decline Deceleration Retirement

Readiness for Decision Making Career maturity (adolescents) Career adaptability (adults) Work salience

Life-Career Rainbow Major life-career roles Child (son / daughter Student Worker Spouse Parent Homemaker Citizen Leisurite Annuitant (pensioner / retiree)

Life-Career Rainbow Roles change Specific beginnings and endings Changes in relative importance

Application of the Theory Creation of standards and the comprehensive design of career programs Assessment of career maturity, values, work salience, adult career concerns Renegotiation of life roles

John Krumboltz Influences on career decision making Consequences in decision making Career beliefs Application of the theory

Influences Genetic endowment and special abilities Environmental conditions and events Learning experiences Associative (classical conditioning) Instrumental (operant conditioning)

Consequences Self-observation generalizations World-view generalizations Task –approach skills Actions

Consequences Self-observation generalizations Overt or covert self statements evaluating one’s own actual or vicarious performance in relation to learned standards World-view generalizations Observations about the environment used to predict what will occur in the future and other environment

Consequences Task-approach skills Value clarifying Goal setting Predicting future events Generating alternatives Information seeking Estimating Re-interpreting past events Eliminating and selecting alternatives Planning Generalizing

Consequences Actions – Entry behaviors that represent overt steps in career progression, e.g. Selecting a program of study Applying for a job

Career Beliefs Problematic self-observation and world-view generalizations Faulty generalizations Self-comparisons with a single standard Exaggerated estimate of the emotional impact of an outcome False casual relationships Ignorance of relevant facts Undue weight to low-probability events

Challenging Problematic Beliefs Challenging the validity of key beliefs How do you know this is true? What steps could you take to find out if it is true? What evidence would convince you that the opposite is true?

Application of the Theory Detailed explanation of causal factors in career development Readiness assessment – the Career Beliefs Inventory Modeling and reinforcement in occupational exploration Simulated work environments for career exploration

For Additional Information www.career.fsu.edu/techcenter/ Thank You