Incidence and Mechanisms of Cerebral Ischemia After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Compared With Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement Aiman Alassar,

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Incidence and Mechanisms of Cerebral Ischemia After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Compared With Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement Aiman Alassar, MRCS, Gopal Soppa, PhD, Mark Edsell, FRCA, Philip Rich, FRCR, David Roy, MD, Irina Chis Ster, PhD, Ruth Joyce, MS, Oswaldo Valencia, MD, Thomas Barrick, PhD, Franklyn Howe, PhD, Neil Moat, FRCS, Robin Morris, PhD, Hugh S. Markus, FRCP, Marjan Jahangiri, FRCS The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 99, Issue 3, Pages 802-808 (March 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.09.054 Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Schematic showing details of study population, design, and endpoints. (AVR = aortic valve replacement; DW-MRI = diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging; EuroSCORE = European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation; STS = The Society of Thoracic Surgeons; TAVI = transcatheter aortic valve implantation; TCD = transcranial Doppler.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2015 99, 802-808DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.09.054) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Follow-up neurocognitive scores at 3 months compared with baseline, pre-procedure (A) overall cognitive, (B) memory, (C) processing speed, and (D) executive functioning scores. (AVR = aortic valve replacement; TAVI = transcatheter aortic valve implantation.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2015 99, 802-808DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.09.054) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Occurrence of embolic signals in aortic valve replacement patients. (Cannul = cannulation; CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass; XC = cross-clamp.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2015 99, 802-808DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.09.054) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Occurrence of embolic signals in transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients. (BAV = balloon aortic valvuloplasty; CAA = crossing aortic arch; CAV = crossing aortic valve; DP = valve deployment.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2015 99, 802-808DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.09.054) Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions