STANDARD WHI.13a The student will demonstrate knowledge of developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by identifying the economic foundations of the Italian Renaissance; Economic effects of the Crusades • Increased demand for Middle Eastern products • Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle Eastern markets • Encouraged the use of credit and banking Important economic concepts • Church rule against usury and the banks’ practice of charging interest helped to secularize northern Italy. • Letters of credit served to expand the supply of money and expedite trade. • New accounting and bookkeeping practices (use of Arabic numerals) were introduced. b) sequencing events related to the rise of Italian city-states and their political development, including Machiavelli’s theory of governing as described in The Prince; Florence, Venice, and Genoa • Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets • Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe • Were initially independent city-states governed as republics Machiavelli’s The Prince • An early modern treatise on government • Supported absolute power of the ruler • Maintains that the end justifies the means • Advises that one should do good if possible, but do evil when necessary

c) citing artistic, literary, and philosophical creativity, as contrasted with the medieval period, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch; Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation; Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity. Artistic and literary creativity • Leonardo da Vinci - Mona Lisa and The Last Supper • Michelangelo - Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and David • Petrarch - Sonnets, humanist scholarship Humanism • Celebrated the individual • Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture • Was supported by wealthy patrons d) comparing the Italian and the Northern Renaissance, and citing the contributions of writers. Northern Renaissance • Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas. • Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity. • The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas. Northern Renaissance writers • Erasmus - The Praise of Folly (1511) • Sir Thomas More - Utopia (1516) Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular subjects.

What was the Renaissance? What was the Renaissance, and where did it begin? Renaissance – “Rebirth” of classical ideas. The Renaissance was a time of artistic creativity and intellectual ability. It saw a change in many areas – political, social, economic and cultural. Emphasis placed on the achievements of individual human beings. Italy but Why??? it was once the heart of Ancient Rome (architecture, statues, coins, etc.) It’s cities survived the Middle Ages (trade contd., it was cleaner so not affected as much by the plague $$$- wealthy merchant class promoted and funded it Important

The Renaissance was a time of renewal Renaissance means rebirth and Europe was recovering from the Dark ages and the plague. People had lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on human beings.

How did the Crusades contribute to the Renaissance? •Eyes were opened to new inventions and technologies that were shielded during the Dark Ages Increased demand for Middle Eastern products • Encouraged the use of credit and banking • Church rule against usury and the banks’ practice of charging interest helped to secularize northern Italy. • Letters of credit served to expand the supply of money and expedite trade. • New accounting and bookkeeping practices (use of Arabic numerals) were introduced.

Major Italian Cities Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Venice Milan Genoa Italy failed to become united during the Ages. Many independent city-states emerged in northern and central Italy that played an important role in Italian politics and art. Milan One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps. Milan Venice Venice Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world. Genoa Florence Florence Controlled by the De Medici Family; banking family who became great patrons of the arts. Adriatic Sea Genoa Had Access to Trade Routes Tyrrhenian Sea All of these cities: Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets • Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe • Were initially independent city-states governed as republics

Political Ideas of the Renaissance Niccolò Machiavelli The Prince Machiavelli believed: “One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit” Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule. He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about conscience. “The end justifies the means”

Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making Ruler keeps power by any means necessary Be good when possible, and evil when necessary “Men worry less about doing an injury to one who makes himself loved than to one who makes himself feared.”

Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature. Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works which glorified city-states in northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular. Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.

New Techniques also emerged Renaissance Artists embraced some of the ideals of Greece and Rome in their art They wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion New Techniques also emerged Frescos: Painting done on wet plaster became popular because it gave depth to the paintings Sculpture emphasized realism and the human form Architecture reached new heights of design

Born in 1475 in a small town near Florence, is considered to be one of the most inspired men who ever lived. Michelangelo died in 1564.

La Pieta 1499 Marble Sculpture https://www. khanacademy

Michelangelo created his masterpiece David in 1504.

Sistine Chapel 1508–1512 About a year after creating David, Pope Julius II summoned Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.

http://smarthistory. khanacademy. org/last-judgment-sistine-chapel http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/last-judgment-sistine-chapel.html The Last Judgment

Moses 1513-1515

Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Engineer 1452-1519 Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Engineer Genius! https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-history/art-history-1500-1600-end-of-the-renaissance-and-the-reformation/high-renaissance/v/leonarda-da-vinci-s-letter-to-the-duke-of-milan

Mona Lisa

The Last Supper

The Adoration of the Magi (1481) Florence, Italy. This important commission was interrupted when Leonardo went to Milan.

Notebooks

Raphael Painter 1483-1520

The School of Athens

Pythagoras Plato and Aristotle Socrates

Raphael (back) Euclid Zoroaster & Ptolemy

Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (1434) Jan Van Eyck Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (1434) Northern Renaissance

Sir Thomas More English Humanist Wrote: Utopia A book about a perfect society Believed men and women live in harmony. No private property, no one is lazy, all people are educated and the justice system is used to end crime instead of executing criminals.

• Celebrated the individual • Stimulated the study of Greek and Intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance that focused on worldly(Secular) subjects rather than on religious issues. • Celebrated the individual • Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture • Was supported by wealthy patrons

Humanism- An intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance Humanism- An intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance. Focus was on worldly (secular) subjects rather than the religious issues that had occupied medieval thinkers. Humanists believed that education would stimulate creative powers since people were free of the constraints of medieval life. Humanism was the “fuel of the Renaissance” Elements / characteristics of humanism: -a new way of thinking that valued the individual and the creative mind of a human being WHAT ARE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS IN HUMAN LIFE? WHAT MATTERS? -the belief that individual people and their thoughts matter ‐ daily life matters ‐ everyday, normal people have worth ‐ human emotions are worth portraying (painting/sculpting/writing about) ‐ both religious and secular (non‐religious) books / stories / art matters ‐ humans might be able to figure out nature without help from the Church ‐ leads to more exploration, more science, more math, etc….Think Renaissance Man ‐ also wanted to make life better now ‐ ideas about equality ‐ it is good to question the government

• Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas. Northern Renaissance • Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas. • Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity. • The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books (Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas. Northern Renaissance writers • Erasmus—The Praise of Folly (1511) • Sir Thomas More—Utopia (1516) Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular subjects.

Literature flourished during the Renaissance This can be greatly attributed to Johannes Gutenberg In 1455 Gutenberg printed the first book produced by using moveable type. The Bible