The Conclusion of WWI Parisians welcoming President Wilson.

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Presentation transcript:

The Conclusion of WWI Parisians welcoming President Wilson. Londoners celebrating the armistice. The Conclusion of WWI

Restoring the Peace Europeans & Americans hoped US Pres. Woodrow Wilson would restore world peace. Before the war ended, Wilson created the Fourteen Points (peace plan  included freedom of seas, arms limitations, & end all secret alliances) 2 major international reservations to using Wilson’s plan for peace negotiations w/Germany. 1) British- objected to the idea of open seas 2) French- reparations, payments for damages, should be included in any settlement

The Paris Peace Conference January 1919- 27 delegates in Paris  5 separate peace treaties known as the Peace of Paris. Heads of state, “Big Four”, attended the conference: President Wilson of the US Prime Minister Clemenceau of France Prime Minister George of Great Britain Prime Minister Orlando of Italy Gap b/tw  idealistic goals of Wilson & the nationalistic goals of French, British, & Italian leaders. Wilson’s chief aim  support the League of Nations.

The Treaty of Versailles Spelled out details of Allied settlement w/ Germany. Militarily: reduced the German army banned conscription (draft) banned manufacturing major war weapons Germany returned Alsace-Lorraine to France Germany lost overseas colonies For 15 years, France control the coal-rich Saar Basin Allied forces occupied Rhineland region of Germany Germany renounced Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Russia)

Allies reestablished Poland out of Germany, A-H, & Russia Baltic Sea access: Poland received Polish Corridor (land separating E. Prussia from Germany Allies received Germany’s overseas colonies (mandates, territories administered by other countries) Allies demanded Germany accept blame for the war Germany pay reparations for Allied war costs & damages Allies signed treaty at Palace of Versailles on June 28, 1919 4 of Wilson’s 14 Points & 9 supplementary principles emerged in the treaty, including Covenant of the League of Nations.

Other Settlements Allies signed separate peace agreements w/Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, & Turkey. Allies recognized breakup of A-H. Austria was small, economically weak From Austria, Italy received German-speaking areas in the Alps Italy wanted the port on the Adriatic  Wilson refused New nations in E. Europe  Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, & Yugoslavia. Cordon sanitaire (quarantine line) buffer against threats from Russia or Germany. Middle East- Allies divided what was left of the Ottoman Empire. Arabs did not receive the independence that Great Britain had promised them.

Bitter Fruits Disillusionment set in after WWI millions of people died & destroyed the homes & lives of millions Germans resented their loss in WWI. German economic strength remained intact, harsh provisions of the ToV left Germany weakened, humiliated, and deprived of great-power status. Germans’ festering resentment burst forth upon the world with an even greater violence two decades later in the form of Nazism.