دور التعلم الالكتروني في بناء مجتمع المعرفة

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دور التعلم الالكتروني في بناء مجتمع المعرفة E-Learning Role in Building a Knowledge Society محمد بن ابراهيم السويل مدينة الملك عبد العزيز للعلوم والتقنية M. I. Al-Suwaiyel KACST 12/9/2018

Definitions تعريفات A Knowledge Society is a society that is well educated and relies on generating knowledge, disseminating it and using it for the well being of all. مجتمع المعرفة هو مجتمع عالي الثقافة والتعليم ويقوم على الابتكار وتوليد المعرفة ونشرها واستخدامها لتحسين مستوى المعيشة. Next ?? Post Knowledge Society Green Knowledge Society …. E-learning is the computers and communications-enabled transfer of skills and knowledge. التعلم الالكتروني هو نقل ونشر المهارات المعرفية باستخدام تقنيات الحاسبات والاتصالات. 12/9/2018

مقدمة Introduction الطريق إلى مجتمع المعرفة التعلم والتدريب هو المدخل الرئيسي وربما الوحيد إلى مجتمع المعرفة التحدي الاكبر في عصرنا هذا هو إيصال تعليم وتدريب ما بعد المرحلة الثانوية إلى أكبر شريحة ممكنة من المجتمع التعلم الإلكتروني، بكل مكوناته، هو أداة هامة جدا لنشر التعليم على أكبر نطاق ممكن The Road to Knowledge Society Learning and Training form the main gateway to the knowledge society The main challenge nowadays is to make post-secondary education and trading accessible and available to people as possible. E-Learning, and all its components, is an important tool to spread learning as wide as possible. 12/9/2018

لماذا نتعلم؟ لتحسين مستوى المعيشة. WHY LEARN? To improve the quality of life. Many indications support the statement that "...at no time in human history did the welfare of nations depend in such a direct manner on the quality and outreach of higher education systems and institutions" The citizens of developing countries want post-secondary education and their governments see it as essential for closing the gap with the rich world.[4] E-learning can expand access to tertiary education and training, improve its quality and educe its cost without restricting the class room to a specific time and place. هناك مؤشرات كثيرة على أن رفاهية الأمم لم تكن في أي وقت من الأوقات أكثر اعتمادا على نوعية التعليم العالي ومؤسساته. ترى دول العالم النامي أن التعليم بعد المرحلة الثانوية ضروري لردم الفجوة بين العالم النامي والمتقدم. [4] يمكن للتعلم الإلكتروني أن يزيد من أعداد المستفيدين في مرحلة ما بعد الثانوية ويحسن من جودة التعليم ويقلل من تكلفته . 12/9/2018

المتطلبات الأساسية لمجتمعات المعرفة - الحد المناسب من: العلماء والمهندسين الانفاق على البحث والتطوير صادرات قطاعات التقنية العالية براءات الاختراع البنية التحتية لتقنية المعلومات والاتصالات [3] لا يمكن تحقيق هذه المتطلبات بدون التعليم! المتطلبات الأساسية للتعلم الإلكتروني – أن يكون: الوصول إليه سهلا تكلفته مناسبة محتواه مناسبا معتمدا من جهة الاختصاص [1] Basic Requirements for Knowledge Societies: A critical “mass” or “level” of: Scientists and Engineers Expenditure on R&D Export of High Technology Sectors Patents ICT Infrastructure. [3] These requirements can not be fulfilled without EDUCATION! Basic Requirements for E-Learning: Accessibility Appropriateness Accreditation Affordability. [1] 12/9/2018

لماذا التعلم الالكتروني؟ التقنيات الحديثة، وخصوصا تقنيات المعلومات والاتصالات، لها دور مهم في التعليم وفي مجتمعات المعرفة. هل يمكن للتعلم الالكتروني أن يساعد على رفع جودة التعليم ونشره على قطاع واسع؟ هل التعلم الالكتروني أحد التقليعات التي كان للإعلام دور في إعطائها صورة إيجابية للغاية تحت شعار التقنية ترفع جودة التعليم؟ تشير التجربة حتى الآن إلى أن الجواب هو بالإيجاب، أي أن التعلم الإلكتروني ذو فائدة كبيرة في تحسين جودة التعلم ونشره. ولكن لم يسلم التعلم الإلكتروني من النقد. مثال: هناك دراسات منها دراسة في عام 2005 تقول بأن التعلم الالكتروني ليس هو الوصفة السحرية لحل مشاكل التعلم والتعليم، وعلى المربين إعادة النظر في نظريات التعليم. [2] Why E-LEARNING? New technologies, and in particular ICT, can make a big difference in education, and hence in knowledge societies. Can eLearning help improve the quality of education and reach a much wider audience? Is eLearning another over-hyped example of the illusion that technology can transform education? The experience so far indicates that the answer is YES! eLearning can help spread high quality education. But eLearning had its share of critics. Example: A study of the experience of eLearning in American higher education concluded that eLearning can not yet claim to be the map to the buried treasure. They urged the eLearning community to effect fundamental changes in pedagogy. [2] 12/9/2018

التعلم الإلكتروني والتحول إلى مجتمع المعلومات E-Learning and the transformation to a Knowledge Society An effective role in creating and disseminating knowledge. Opens new learning possibilities for underprivileged sectors of society. Complements traditional education. Enables students to acquire new skills. Increases parents and family participation in educating their children. التعلم الإلكتروني والتحول إلى مجتمع المعلومات له دور فعال في عمليات بناء المعرفة ونشرها. يفتح آفاقا جديدة لفئات من المجتمع لم تتاح لها فرص التعلم من قبل. له دور مكمل للتعليم التقليدي. يكسب الطلاب مهارات جديدة. يفتح الباب أمام مشاركة الوالدين والعائلة في عملية تعلم ذويهم. 12/9/2018

هل استفاد التعلم والتعليم من تلك الابتكارات بشكل مثالي؟ E-Learning, and Education in general, have made good use of the ICT and other technologies. Did Education and Learning make optimal use of these technologies? Is Education and Learning ready to benefit from the next innovation? Can Education and Learning drive the next innovation in Education and learning? لقد استفاد التعلم الالكتروني بشكل عام من الابتكارات الحديثة في مجالات تقنيات المعلومات والاتصالات وغيرها. هل استفاد التعلم والتعليم من تلك الابتكارات بشكل مثالي؟ هل سيستفيد التعلم والتعليم من الابتكارات القادمة؟ هل يمكن لعمليات التعلم والتعليم أن تكون هي مصدر الابتكارات الجديدة؟ 12/9/2018

المراجع References [1] The Role of eLearning in Building Knowledge Societies in Developing Countries, Sir John Daniel, Asian Association of Open Universities, Jakarta, Indonesia 2005. [2] Zemsky, R. and Massy, W.F., (2005b) Why the eLearning boom went bust. The Learning Alliance for Higher Education, USA [3] Towards Knowledge Society – ISBN 92-3-104000-6, UNESCO 2005 [4] Final Report, Meeting of Higher Education Partners, June 2003, UNESCO, Paris 12/9/2018

شكرا! THANK YOU! 12/9/2018

Saudi ICT Infrastructure: 2012 CITC Statistics Fixed Lines 4.8 Million, out of Which 3.4 Million are residential, or 67.5 % penetration rate. Mobile Subscriptions: 53.5 Million, out of which 83% are prepaid. 181.2% penetration rate of Mobile phones Internet Users 15.5 Million, 52% penetration rate. Broadband Subscriptions 12 Million, Penetration rate 40%. DSL Subscription 2.4 Million, Penetration rate 37%. R&D Spending in 2012: 0.723 %of GDP Government Funds and 0.313 %of GDP Non-Government Funds, i.e. total in 2012: 1.036% R&D Spending 3.751% of the 2012 budget. * “Technology and Innovation Status in Saudi Arabia”. A KACST report in press. 12/9/2018

High-technology exports (current US$) High-technology exports are products with high R&D intensity, such as in aerospace, computers, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, and electrical machinery. Data are in current U.S. dollars. United Nations, Comrade database. Catalog Sources World Development Indicators. country 2008 2009 2010 Brazil 10,285,555,636 7,896,042,718 8,121,872,800 China 340,117,842,217 309,600,892,370 406,089,687,684 Greece 1,291,331,588 1,169,513,724 1,089,838,278 India 7,738,414,135 10,728,448,006 10,086,626,314 Indonesia 5,762,686,044 6,038,545,109 6,673,355,345 Italy 28,813,005,956 25,027,190,920 26,365,997,708 Lebanon 55,103,881 86,790,410 278,555,999 Mexico 33,387,187,129 31,183,608,848 37,657,285,550 Morocco 771,383,917 664,566,954 897,323,698 Pakistan 270,489,462 226,813,073 262,070,065 Philippines 26,889,303,346 21,525,688,076 29,791,865,521 Saudi Arabia 85,194,506 39,837,656 200,938,649 Turkey 1,679,724,101 1,359,242,821 1,713,837,053 UAE 204,925,025 23,373,326 50,474,248 United States 220,884,471,208 132,406,674,889 145,497,804,512 12/9/2018