Gene expression profiling of human peri-implantation endometria between natural and stimulated cycles  Yunao Liu, M.Sc., Kai-Fai Lee, Ph.D., Ernest H.Y. Ng, M.D., William S.B. Yeung, Ph.D., Pak-Chung Ho, M.D.  Fertility and Sterility  Volume 90, Issue 6, Pages 2152-2164 (December 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.020 Copyright © 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Microarray analysis of 13 human endometrial samples. Normalized data of all genes in each microarray chip were used in the clustering and PCA analyses. (A) Hierarchic cluster analysis of 13 human endometrial samples. The up-regulated (red) and down-regulated (green) genes (rows) of 13 endometrial samples (columns) were clustered into two groups. (B) Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to group samples with similar gene expression patterns. Two principal variables in the gene expression profile data were presented in a two-dimensional system between the natural cycles (N; open squares), moderate responders (M; gray squares), and excessive responders (E; solid squares) of stimulated cycles. Percentages of variances for PCA1 and PCA2 were 44.14% and 12.25%, respectively. (C and D) Venn-diagram representation of differentially expressed genes in three groups of samples. All differentially expressed genes (≥2-fold, one-way analysis of variance P<.01) in pair-wise comparisons among the natural cycles (N) and moderate responders (M) and excessive responders (E) of stimulated cycles were shown. Similar gene expression patterns found in multiple pair-wise comparisons are shown in the overlapped areas. The Venn diagrams show the (C) 250 up-regulated and (D) 161 down-regulated genes after ovarian stimulation in IVF cycles. Fertility and Sterility 2008 90, 2152-2164DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.020) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of differentially expressed genes. Quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) experiments were performed to analyze the gene expression patterns of (A) eight up-regulated genes (DAF, GPX3, HPSE, IGF2, NNMT, PLA2G2A, RBP4, and STC1) and (B) three down-regulated genes (KCNG1, OLFM1, and SLC7A4) between stimulated and natural cycle groups. The fold change in the expression levels of these 11 genes among natural cycles (N; n = 15) and moderate responders (M; n = 15) and excessive responders (E; n = 17) in stimulated IVF cycle were summarized in bar (qPCR) and line (microarray) plots. The y-axis (right: microarray; left: quantitative RT-PCR) represent the fold change of three groups of samples. A value of 1 was set in the natural or excessive group for the up- or down-regulated genes. ∗P<.05; ∗∗P<.01; for quantitative RT-PCR. aP<.01, for microarray. Fertility and Sterility 2008 90, 2152-2164DOI: (10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.020) Copyright © 2008 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions