Foundations of Technology The Systems Model STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Foundations of Technology The Systems Model TITLE SLIDE Teacher Resource Unit 4 Lesson 2 © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 The BIG Idea Big Idea: The universal systems model — input, process, output, and feedback — helps users isolate the components of a system so that they may be properly used and maintained. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 What is a System? A system is a group of organized parts or sub-systems that are integrated to collectively achieve a desired goal. All systems have various inputs, which go through processes to produce outputs. High-functioning systems collect feedback to increase efficiency. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Systems Systems can be simple or complex. versus [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Simple Systems Simple systems have a limited amount of sub-systems, which can be easily identified and diagnosed. The input, processes, outputs and feedback are easy to categorize in a simple system. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Complex Systems Complex systems have a hierarchy of sub- systems, which often interact with the environment and/or unknown variables. The input, processes, output and feedback are complex and the classification can be challenging. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Types of Systems Types of systems: Biological systems – a group of organs that work together to perform a task Example: the heart, brain Mechanical systems – a system of mechanisms that use power to change force or movement Example: a thermostat, bicycle [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 What is a System? Types of systems: Ecosystems – a group of organisms that interact with their natural environment Example: predator/prey, nature Social systems – how organisms interact with the designed world Example: supply and demand, driving [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Inputs Inputs consist of the resources that flow into a technological system. Inputs typically include: People and time, Materials and capital, Tools and/or machines, Energy and information, [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Processes Processes consist of the purposeful sequencing of tasks that combine resources to produce a desired output. Processes can be categorized into: Problem Solving: processes that works involve identifying the problem and selecting a solution Production: processes that involves creating a product or structure Management: processes that control and manage the inputs and processes involved in the system [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Output Output is the end result, which can have either a positive or negative impact. Outputs can take the following forms: Unexpected Desired Expected Desired Unexpected Undesired Expected Undesired [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Feedback Feedback is information used to monitor and control a system. The feedback loop allows the system to make necessary adjustments during the operation of the overall system or a specific sub-system. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Open Systems Open Systems do not have a feedback loop and require human intervention. Example: a microwave, which requires the user to input the appropriate time and determine if the food is prepared [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Closed Systems Closed Systems apply feedback to manage and control the system. Example: a home heating system, which requires the user to input a desired temperature and uses a thermostat to collect feedback and turn the system on/off [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc
STEMCenter for Teaching & Learning™ Engineering byDesign™ 12/01/2009 Systems Theory Systems theory is the study of how things work and suggests that both natural and man-made systems have interrelated parts that work together to produce an output. All systems tend to have similarities in the way they work. The application of the systems theory can be applied to the engineering design process. [Authors: Please include teacher notes appropriately.] © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEMCenter for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology © International Technology Education Assoc