LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS

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LINEAR CONTROL SYSTEMS Ali Karimpour Associate Professor Ferdowsi University of Mashhad <<<1.1>>> ###Control System Design### {{{Control, Design}}} 29 slides + 6 exercise slides.

Lecture 14 Root Locus Technique Topics to be covered include: Root locus criterion. Root loci (RL). Complement root loci (CRL). Complete root loci. Property and construction of complete root loci.

Root locus مکان ریشه ها Root locus, shows the position of roots of the following equation for different values of k مکان ریشه ها، موقعیت ریشه های معادله زیر را بر حسب مقادیر مختلف k نشان می دهد. Root loci (RL) Complement root loci (CRL) Complete root loci

Root locus مکان ریشه ها Suppose: + - c1 e r Closed loop system is: Characteristic equation is: Root locus, shows the position of roots of above equation for different values of k مکان ریشه ها، موقعیت ریشه های معادله فوق را بر حسب مقادیر مختلف k نشان می دهد.

The Root Locus procedure نحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها Which points lie on the root loci? چه نقاطی بر روی مکان ریشه قرار دارند؟ Condition of angle شرط زاویه Condition of magnitude شرط اندازه

The Root Locus procedure نحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها Rule 1: Specify the equation exactly in the following form. قانون اول: سیستم را دقیقا بصورت زیر بیان کنید. How many branches in root loci? چند شاخه در مکان ریشه ها؟ It is :

The Root Locus procedure نحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها Rule 2: Specify the poles and zeros of f(s). The root loci lie on the poles of f(s) for k=0 and lies on the zeros of f(s) for k=±∞ قانون 2: قطب و صفرهای f(s) را مشخص کنید. مکان ریشه در k=0 روی قطبهای f(s) و در k=±∞ روی صفرهای f(s) قرار دارد. -20

The Root Locus procedure نحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها Rule 3: Define the real axis section for positive and negative value of k. قانون 3: محور حقیقی را برای مقادیر مثبت و منفیk مشخص کنید -20

The Root Locus procedure نحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها Rule 4: Find the asymptotes and centered of asymptotes for positive and negative values of k. قانون 4: مجانبها و محل تلاقی مجانبها را برای مقادیر مثبت و منفی k تعیین کنید. -20

The Root Locus procedure نحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها Rule 5: Find the break point. قانون 5: نقطه شکست را بیابید. -20

The Root Locus procedure نحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها Rule 6: Find the cross of root locus with imaginary axis by Routh Hurwitz criteria. قانون 6: نقطه تلاقی با محور موهومی را توسط روش روت هرویتز تعیین کنید. -20

Example 2:ِ Draw the complete root loci of the following system. مثال 2: مکان کامل ریشه ها را در سیستم زیر بیابید. Rule 1: Specify the equation exactly in the standard form. قانون اول: سیستم را دقیقا بصورت استاندارد بیان کنید. Clearly it is ok

Rule 2: Specify the poles and zeros of f(s). The root loci lie on the poles of f(s) for k=0 and lie on the zeros of f(s) for k=±∞ قانون 2: قطب و صفرهای f(s) را مشخص کنید. مکان ریشه در k=0 روی قطبهای f(s) و در k=±∞ روی صفرهای f(s) قرار دارد.

Rule 3: Define the real axis section for positive and negative value of k.

قانون 4: مجانبها و محل تلاقی مجانبها. Rule 4: Find the asymptotes and centered of asymptotes . قانون 4: مجانبها و محل تلاقی مجانبها.

The Root Locus procedure نحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها Rule 5: Find the break point. قانون 5: نقطه شکست را بیابید.

Rule 5: Find the break point. قانون 5: نقطه شکست را بیابید. ?

The Root Locus procedure نحوه رسم مکان ریشه ها Rule 6: Find the cross of root locus with imaginary axis by Routh Hurwitz criteria. قانون 6: نقطه تلاقی با محور موهومی را توسط روش روت هرویتز تعیین کنید.

قانون 6: نقطه تلاقی با محور موهومی Rule 6: Find the cross of root locus with imaginary axis

rlocus(1,[1 15 50 0]); hold on; rlocus(-1,[1 15 50 0])

Example 3:ِ Draw the complete root loci of following system. مثال 3: مکان کامل ریشه ها را در سیستم زیر بیابید. Rule 1: Specify the equation exactly in the standard form. قانون اول: سیستم را دقیقا بصورت زیر استاندارد کنید.

Example 3: Rule 2: Specify the poles and zeros of f(s). The root loci lie on the poles of f(s) for k=0 and lie on the zeros of f(s) for k=±∞ قانون 2: قطب و صفرهای f(s) را مشخص کنید. مکان ریشه در k=0 روی قطبهای f(s) و در k=±∞ روی صفرهای f(s) قرار دارد.

Example 3: Rule 3: Define the real axis section for positive and negative value of k. قانون 3: محور حقیقی را برای مقادیر مثبت و منفیk مشخص کنید

Example 3: قانون 4: مجانبها و محل تلاقی مجانبها. Rule 4: Find the asymptotes and centered of asymptotes . قانون 4: مجانبها و محل تلاقی مجانبها.

Example 3: Rule 5: Find the break point. قانون 5: نقطه شکست را بیابید.

قانون 6: نقطه تلاقی با محور موهومی Rule 6: Find the cross of root locus with imaginary axis ? We need another rule. به قانون دیگری نیاز داریم.

Example 4:ِ Draw the complete root loci of following system (asymptotes at finite k).

Asymptotes at finite k (Jump of root) Jump of root at k=-1

Exercises تمرینها 1- The transfer function of a single-loop control system are given as: Construct the root loci of the Zeros of 1+G(s)H(s)=0 for -∞<Td<∞ 2- The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback (negative sign) system is: . <<<3.6>>> ###State Space Models### Constract the complete root loci of the characteristic equation.

Exercises تمرینها 3- The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback (negative sign) system is: Construct the complete root loci of the characteristic equation for Let n=1, n=2 , n=3 and n=4 4- The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback (negative sign) system is: a) Construct the root loci for -∞<K<∞ , with α=5 . b) Construct the root loci for -∞< α <∞ , with K =5 . <<<3.6>>> ###State Space Models###

Exercises تمرینها 5- The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback (negative sign) system is: Construct the root loci for 0<p<∞ 6- Consider following system Construct the root loci for 0<k1<∞ <<<3.6>>> ###State Space Models###

تمرینها Exercises 7- Consider following system For k1=0, k1=1 1nd k1=10 construct the root loci for 0<k2<∞ . 8- Construct the root loci of the closed loop poles of the following system for 0<a<∞(Midterm spring 2008). <<<3.6>>> ###State Space Models### - + R(s) C(s)

Exercises تمرینها 9- Find the root-locus graph for the following system. The Answer :

Exercises تمرینها 10- The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback (negative sign) system is: Construct the root loci for 0<p<∞(Final 1391) 11- The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback (negative sign) system is: Construct the root loci for all k <<<3.6>>> ###State Space Models### 12- The open loop transfer function of a unity-feedback (negative sign) system is: For which value of k there is a jump in root loci?