Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire and

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Presentation transcript:

Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire and On Machines fitted to produce that Power

T1 T2 DW = -DQ < 0 DU = DW < 0 DW = -DQ > 0 DU = DW > 0 (V1, p1) (V2, p2) (V4, p4) (V3, p3) T1 T2 (V3, p3) (V2, p2) (V3, p3) (V2, p2) (V4, p4) (V1, p1) (V1, p1) DW = -DQ < 0 DU = DW < 0 DW = -DQ > 0 DU = DW > 0

Summary on Carnot Engine A heat engine converts heat into work through a cyclic process in which the working substance is unchanged. A Carnot engine is a reversible heat engine working between two reservoirs at different temperatures. The efficiency of an engine is the ratio work produced to heat input:  = W/Q1 For any Carnot engine, c = 1 – (T2/T1) and Q1/Q2 = T1/T2 (T1 > T2) C T1 T2 W Q1 Q2

Kelvin Statement Calusius Statement C T1 T2 W Q1 Q2 W = Q1 – Q2 1st law Q1/T1 = Q2/T2 Carnot E T1 T2 W = Q1 Q1 Kelvin Statement E T1 T2 Q2=Q1 Q1 Calusius Statement

p3, V3, T3 p Isochore (constant volume) Adiabatic p2, V2, T2 Isobar (constant pressure) Adiabatic p4, V4, T4 V p1, V1, T1

p1, V1, T1 p Isochore (constant volume) Isotherm p4, V4, T4 p2, V2, T2 Isotherm p3, V3, T3 V