Long-term periarticular bone adaptation in a feline knee injury model for post-traumatic experimental osteoarthritis S.K. Boyd, Ph.D., R. Müller, Ph.D.,

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Long-term periarticular bone adaptation in a feline knee injury model for post-traumatic experimental osteoarthritis S.K. Boyd, Ph.D., R. Müller, Ph.D., T. Leonard, B.Sc., W. Herzog, Ph.D. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages 235-242 (March 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2004.11.004 Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 The distal femur, patella and proximal tibia of a normal control cat knee scanned with micro-computed tomography (left), and a sagittal cut through the knee (right) exposing the internal bone structure. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 235-242DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.11.004) Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Each three-dimensional image of the proximal tibia (top) was segmented into three distinct regions (bottom) by semi-automated contouring: the subchondral bone plate on the medial (A) and lateral (B) articular surface, and epiphyseal (C) and metaphyseal (D) cancellous bone located above and below the epiphyseal plate (the epiphyseal plate was distinguishable in the micro-CT images for animals of all ages). Morphological analyses were performed on these regions separately. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 235-242DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.11.004) Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Sample sagittal cross-sections through the proximal tibia of a 16 week post-ACLT (top) and 63 month post-ACLT (bottom) cat. For each sample, the ACLT knee (left) and contralateral control (right) is presented for comparison. In addition to the morphological changes which are quantified in Fig. 4, the formation of an osteophyte (*) can be observed in the long-term ACLT limb. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 235-242DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.11.004) Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Morphological measurements for the cancellous bone located proximal to the epiphyseal plate. Each plot contains mean and standard deviation error bars. Pair-wise t-tests were performed for the 16 week and 60 month experimental groups (statistical significance indicated for P<0.05), and the normal and aged control groups are presented descriptively. ACLT refers to the operated limb and CLAT refers to the contralateral limb. The measured parameters include bone volume ratio (BV/TV), bone surface area (BS/BV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular number (Tb.N), connectivity density (Conn.D), anisotropy and subchondral plate thickness (Ct.Th). Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 235-242DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.11.004) Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Comparison of the subchondral plate (shaded gray) and periarticular cancellous bone (shaded white) from the normal control (top) and the long-term ACLT group (bottom). Samples from the normal control include a skeletally mature adult (left) and an aged adult (right). The operated and control limb of the ACLT animal is shown below (70 month post-ACLT). The lateral compartment of the joint following long-term ACLT is extremely thinned, and an osteophyte can be observed in the medial compartment. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13, 235-242DOI: (10.1016/j.joca.2004.11.004) Copyright © 2004 OsteoArthritis Research Society International Terms and Conditions