“ MERIT ORDER SCHEDULING AND Session on “ MERIT ORDER SCHEDULING AND DESPATCH UNDER ABT ” Salient Features Northern Regional Power System Welcome in the course on “ GRID CODE AND MERIT ORDER SCHEDULING & DESPATCH UNDER ABT ” Largest sized hydro unit (180 MW at Chamera) in the country

GRID OPERATION AND CONTROL

MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE GRID GENERATION LOAD TRANSMISSION NETWORK

PERFORMANCE INDICES SYSTEM FREQUENCY SYSTEM VOLTAGE HEALTH OF TRANSMISSION NETWORK SYSTEM RESERVES & REDUNDANCY CAPABILITY TO OVERCOME A CONTINGENCY

MAIN FUNCTIONS UNDER GRID OPERATION & CONTROL Load Generation Balance Merit Order Operation Inter-regional/Intra-regional Exchanges Maintenance of Grid Security System Restoration/Revival

LOAD GENERATION BALANCE

LOAD DIVERSITY The unique load curve of different identities due to varied nature of load / requirements results in the overall load diversity.

DEMAND ESTIMATION Central Govt. CEA REB State Govt. SLDC CERC SEB/STU SERC CTU G1 G2 RLDC Intra State System ISTS ISGS Load IEGC to Operate on the periphery X= L - G G L1 L2

DEMAND ESTIMATION Availability = Own Generation (+) Entitlement from Grid (+) Bilaterals

DEMAND ESTIMATION IEGC Chapter –6 Para 6.3 Sub-Para 6.3.3 Each State / SLDC shall develop methodologies / mechanisms for estimation (MW, MVAR and MWH) for operational purposes. The data for estimation shall also include Load Shedding, Power Cuts etc. SLDCs shall also maintain Historical Database for Demand Estimation.

DEMAND ESTIMATION Load Restriction = Demand (Requirement) (Load shedding) (-) Availability

ENTITLEMENTS = Fixed Shares + Unallocated Shares

FIXED SHARES UNALLOCATED SHARES Allocation to States from the Central Sector Stations in terms of Percentages which generally remain fixed. UNALLOCATED SHARES Allocation to States from Central Sector Stations in terms of Percentages which are changed on seasonal basis and / or under typical conditions as decided by Govt. of India.

SCHEDULING UNDER ABT MECHANISM

CONTROL AREAS REGIONAL GRID SEB's GRID CS - 1 CS - 3 CS - 2 SEB-B SEB-C STATE RLDC REGIONAL GRID COORDINATES/ DISTR - C DISTR - B SEB's GRID SLDC COORDINATES/ DIRECTS SEB-A DISTR - A STATE GENR. CENTRAL IPP SHARE

AGENCIES PARTICIPATING IN THE SCHEDULING PROCESS OF NORTHERN REGION NTPC Singrauli Rihand Unchahar Dadri (Th) Dadri (GF) Dadri (LF) Anta (GF) Anta (LF) Auraiya (GF) Auraiya (LF) NHPC Bairasiul Salal Tanakpur Chamera-1 Chamera-2 Uri NPC NAPS RAPS – 3 RAPS - 4 Others NJPC

AGENCIES PARTICIPATING IN THE SCHEDULING PROCESS OF NORTHERN REGION BBMB Bhakra Dehar Pong STATES Punjab Haryana Rajasthan Delhi Uttar Pradesh Uttaranchal Himachal Pradesh Jammu Kashmir U.T. Chandigarh OTHERS Eastern Region Western Region Railways NFF

AGENCIES PARTICIPATING IN THE SCHEDULING PROCESS OF NORTHERN REGION Generating Stations = 23 States = 9 Others = 4 (+)

SCHEDULING AND DESPATCH PROCEDURE   ·                ALL ISGS STATIONS WITH CAPACITIES AND ALLOCATED SHARES TO BE LISTED OUT ·      BY 1000 HRS EACH ISGS ADVISES RLDC OF ITS EX-POWER PLANT MW AND MWH CAPABILITIES ANTICIPATED FOR NEXT DAY i.e. 00:00 TO 24:00 HRS ·      BY 1100 HRS BENEFICIARIES ADVISED OF ABOVE INFORMATION ALONG WITH THEIR ENTITLEMENTS ·      BY 1500 HRS SLDCs ADVISE RLDC THEIR DRAWAL SCHEDULE FOR EACH OF THE ISGS IN WHICH THEY HAVE SHARE ·       BY 1700 HRS RLDC CONVEYS THE 'EX-POWER PLANT DESPATCH SCHEDULE (IN MW)' TO EACH ISGS AND 'NET DRAWAL SCHEDULE (IN MW)' TO EACH BENEFICIARY (AFTER DEDUCTING TRANSMISSION LOSSES) ·    RLDC TO ENSURE SCHEDULES ARE OPERATIONALLY REASONABLE WITH RESPECT TO RAMPING UP/RAMPING DOWN RATES AND THE MINIMUM TO MAXIMUM RATIO OF GENERATION.

SCHEDULING AND DESPATCH PROCEDURE (Contd.)   · ISGS/SLDCs TO INFORM ANY MODIFICATIONS IN FORESEEN CAPABILITY/STATION WISE DRAWAL SCHEDULE TO RLDC BY 2200 HRS. RLDC TO ISSUE FINAL SCHEDULE IN SUCH CASES BY 2300 HRS. ·    REVISIONS IN SCHEDULE PERMITTED DURING THE COURSE OF THE DAY. SUCH REVISIONS EFFECTIVE ONE HOUR AFTER THE FIRST ADVISE IS RECEIVED BY THE RLDC. ·  RLDC TO CHECK FOR TRANSMISSION CONSTRAINTS, IF ANY, BEFORE FINALISING THE DRAWAL/DESPATCH SCHEDULE. ·  ON COMPLETION OF THE OPERATING DAY, SCHEDULE, AS FINALLY IMPLEMENTED DURING THE DAY SHALL BE ISSUED BY RLDC. THIS WOULD BE THE DATUM FOR COMMERCIAL ACCOUNTING. ·  RLDC TO PROPERLY DOCUMENT ALL THE ABOVE INFORMATION EXCHANGED BETWEEN ISGS AND RLDC, CONSTITUENTS AND RLDC ETC. ·     ALL RECORDS IN RESPECT OF ABOVE OPEN TO ALL CONSTITUENTS FOR ANY CHECKING/VERIFICATION FOR A PERIOD OF 20 DAYS.

Time Schedule of interaction between ISGS, SLDCs and NRLDC for Scheduling Purpose A. Day ahead Scheduling: By 1000 hrs ISGS to NRLDC Availability forecast, time-wise for next day By 1100 hrs NRLDC to SLDCs Anticipated ISGS wise entitlement for the next day By 1500 hrs SLDCs to NRLDC ISGS wise requisition, demand, bilateral arrangements etc. anticipated for the next day By 1700 hrs NRLDC to ISGS/ SLDCs Final generation schedule to ISGS & net drawal schedule to SLDCs for the next day By 2200 hrs Any ISGS/ SLDC to NRLDC Changes in availability/ requisition, if any for the next day By 2300 hrs NRLDC to all ISGS/ SLDCs Revised final generation schedule to ISGS & net drawal schedule to SLDCs respectively for the next day B. Running day Scheduling: Any time “a” Changes in availability / requisition, if any for rest of the day Within next one and half hour of “a” Revised generation schedule to ISGS & net drawal schedule to SLDCs respectively for rest of the day ISGS: Inter State Generating Stations SLDC: State Load Despatch Centre

MERIT ORDER OPERATION

Components of inter-utility tariff (Pre – ABT Mechanism) Fixed charges Interest on loans Depreciation O & M charges Return on equity Interest on Working Capital Energy charges (fuel cost) Incentives Surcharge & other levies No charge for reactive energy

TENTATIVE COST FOR NTPC THERMAL STATIONS FOR THE MONTH OF DEC 2003 Fixed Cost Rs. Cr/yr (1) Average Fixed Cost Rs. Cr/day (2) Average Fixed Cost P / KWh (3) Variable Base Cost P / KWh (4) Variable FPA P / KWh (5) Total Variable Base Cost P / KWh (6) Composite Cost P / KWh (3) + (6) Singrauli 364.59 0.996 28.27 67.98 7.86 75.84 104.11 Rihand 478.74 1.330 65.83 106.03 44.70 78.99 137.41 Unchahar – I 195.91 0.535 73.35 55.83 6.74 112.77 186.12 Anta GPS* 92.92 0.258 47.13 60.55 84.11 144.66 139.47 Auraiya GPS* 160.20 0.445 42.17 61.92 92.88 154.80 169.73 DadriGPS G) 210.96 0.576 37.20 95.14 0.24 95.38 132.58 Dadri (T) 416.78 1.158 76.97 90.56 55.57 146.13 229.24 Unchahar – II --- 103.28 6.98 110.26 473.75 Dadrigas(L) 356.34 71.21 436.55 * Includes liquid firing also *Rates for mixed fuel (gas+ liquid fuel, naphtha)

Payment to Inter State Generating Stations (ISGS) from beneficiaries under Availability Based Tariff (ABT) Capacity charges Energy charges Unscheduled Interchange (UI)

Energy Charges (paise/kwh) for Central Sector stations (Dec 2003) Sl. No. Power Station Rate (Paise / KWh) 1. Salal 69.47 2. Tanakpur 3. Singrauli 75.84 4. Rihand 78.99 5. Anta/Auraiya/Dadri GT 95.00 6. Unchahar 110.00 7. Dadri (Thermal) 145.00

ABT FEEDBACK

Singrauli & Rihand Dadri (T) 2700 800 Declared Capability Injection Schedule Declared Capability Injection schedule 2555 750 711 2600 2530 717 2491 2505 700 2500 640 Average MW Average MW 619 650 2400 600 2300 550 2200 500 Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03) Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03) Unchahar-1 & 2 Anta, Auraiya & Dadri 750 1800 Declared Capability Injection Schedule Declared Capabilty Injection Schedule 691 687 1700 1636 700 653 1600 1478 650 1500 Average MW 599 Average MW 1336 1330 1400 600 1300 550 1200 500 1100 Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03) Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03)

INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES

Inter Regional HVDC Links HCDC Vindhyachal B-B HCDC Sasaram B-B HCDC Chandrapur B-B HCDC Gazuaka B-B HCDC Talcher Kolar

100 MW WBSEB to J&K 0000 to 2400hrs- PTC 450 450 450 440 450 10 MW GRIDCO to HVPNL 0000 to 1700 & 2300 to 2400 hrs-NVVNL 100 MW DVC to HVPNL 0000 to 1700 & 2300 to 2400 hrs-PTC 50 MW GRIDCO to DTL-NVVNL 100 50 MW DVC to DTL- PTC 140 MW WBSEB to DTL 0000 to 2400-PTC 100 MW WBSEB to J&K 0000 to 2400hrs- PTC 100 MW ISGS Allocations 0000 to 2400 hrs

NR BILATERAL AGREEMENTS

SYSTEM SECURITY

ECONOMY OF REQUISITIONING FROM GAS STATIONS ON LIQUID FIRING Tariff Regulation – Economy and Efficiency vis-à-vis Security ECONOMY OF REQUISITIONING FROM GAS STATIONS ON LIQUID FIRING Energy Charges (Liquid Firing) Anta Rs. 3.20 /unit Auraiya Rs. 3.00 /unit Dadri Rs. 5.00 /unit (approx) UI Rates 49.5 Hz Rs. 2.80 49.4 Hz Rs. 3.08 49.3 Hz Rs. 3.36 49.2 Hz Rs. 3.64 49.1 Hz Rs. 3.92 49.0 Hz & Below Rs. 4.20

FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION

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