1. INDIAN POWER SECTOR

2. Presentation Contents: Power Sector Structure in India Transmission Planning Criteria RLDC ’ s Management System Restoration Procedures INDIAN POWER SECTOR

3. POWER SECTOR STRUCTURE IN INDIA INDIAN POWER SECTOR

5. Growth of installed capacity for electricity in India

6. Fuel wise break-up of installed capacity in power sector Total installed capacity is 105,800 MW

7. Sector wise consumption of electricity in India

9. Power development - 16th EPS projections Peak requirement in MW Energy requirement in BU

10. INDIA — GENERATING CAPACITY ADDITION Capacity addition planned 2002-07 – 41,110 MW

11. Back

12. Growth of Cumulative capacity of Inter-regional links

13. HIERARCHICAL SETUP OF CONTROL CENTRES RTU SUB LDC SLDC ERLDC WRLDC NRLDC SRLDCNERLDC 5 Nos. NLDC 32 Nos. 141 Nos. 1160 Nos.

14. States were generally in the form of: 1.Vertically Integrated Utilities having -Own Generation -Own Transmission -Own Distribution 2.Having fixed shares in the Central Sector 3.Counting on Load-Generation Balance within the State Indian Power Sector (Pre-Reforms)

15. Thrust areas and progress 1. State regulatory commissions (SERCs) constituted 2. SERCs have issued tariff orders 3. States have unbundled their SEBs Indian Power Sector Reforms

16. Thrust areas and progress (contd/-) 4. States are in the process of privatising distribution 5. States have signed MoUs with the Ministry of Power 6. All around emphasis to provide 100% metering Indian Power Sector Reforms

17. Indian Power Sector-Distribution Distribution originally with the State Electricity Boards (SEBs) with licenses given out for some areas to private. After unbundling of SEBs, separate (DISCOMS) formed at state level. Privatisation of DISCOMS already done in two states viz. Delhi and Orissa. Emphasis on metering, loss reduction at this level with the Central Govt. acting as a catalyst through assistance under APDRP.

18. TRANSMISSION PLANNING CRITERIA INDIAN POWER SECTOR

19. ISTS shall be capable of withstanding and be secured against the following outages without necessitating load shedding or rescheduling of generation during steady state operation. Outage of a 132 kV D/C line or Outage of a 220 kV D/C line or Outage of a 400 kV S/C line or O utage of a single ICT PLANNING CODE FOR ISTS Planning Criteria :- Continued …..

20. PLANNING CODE FOR ISTS Planning Criteria :- or Outage of one pole of HVDC bipole or Outage of 765 kV S/C line The aforesaid contingencies would be superimposed over a planned outage of another 220 kV D/C line or 400 kV S/C line in another corridor and not emanating from the same sub-station. ISTS shall be capable of withstanding the loss of most severe single system infeed without loss of stability.

21. PLANNING CODE FOR ISTS Planning Criteria :- ANY ONE OF THE AFORESAID EVENTS SHALL NOT CAUSE o loss of supply o abnormal frequency on sustained basis o unacceptable high or low voltage o system instability o unacceptable overloading of ISTS elements

22. OPERATIONAL CODE FOR REGIONAL GRIDS SYSTEM SECURITY ASPECTS :- Grid voltage should always be maintained within the operating range NOMINAL(kV)MAX. (kV)MIN. (kV) 400420360 220245200 132145120

23. PROBABLE REASONS FOR GRID CONTINGENCIES  EQUIPMENT FAILURE EQUIPMENT FAILURE  WEAK TRANSMISSION SYSTEM WEAK TRANSMISSION SYSTEM  OPERATIONAL ERROR OPERATIONAL ERROR  GRID INDISCIPLINE GRID INDISCIPLINE  MULTIPLE OUTAGES DUE TO WEATHER  CASCADED TRIPPING DUE TO OVERLOAD

24. ISSUES OF IMPORTANCE Provide adequate level of redundancy in transmission network Generation to be augmented with load increase Load regulatory measures by utilities in the event of shortages Adequate reactive compensation to be provided at load end