Stream Order & Watersheds

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Presentation transcript:

Stream Order & Watersheds

Watershed A ridge of high land dividing two areas that are drained by different river systems. The region draining into a river, river system, or other body of water.

Watershed

Stream Order

Upstream vs. Downstream

1st order stream (1° stream)

Characteristics Steep angle / high elevation Substrate dominated by boulders and cobbles Narrow channel Usually acidic (low pH - <7) Low biodiversity Mostly shredders and gatherers High cover - usually shaded Low turbidity - clear Low temperatures High oxygen

2° stream

Characteristics Formed in a valley Less shaded Higher temperatures Less steep Wider More nutrients / higher turbidity Substrate dominated by cobbles and gravels More biodiversity Shredders, gatherers, and collectors

3° Stream

Characteristics Also forms in a valley, where 2 or more 2nd order streams intersect Higher temperature, less shade, wider channel More nutrients, higher turbidity Substrate dominated by gravels, sands More biodiversity, fewer of each species/type Higher pH Slower water, less oxygen

4° and above

4th Order and Higher Gentle slope (1-2%) Slow water (slack water/glides) Finer substrate (mud to gravels) Higher turbidity - cloudy (silts & clays) Higher temperature Lower oxygen Alkaline (higher pH - >7) More sinuosity Wider channel Less tree cover – more sunlight to creek Filtering collecters, scrapers

Point Source vs. Non-Point Source Pollution

Why is a watershed important? What affects it? Who owns it? What is affected by it? Who lives in/near it?