Ohio Hazmat & WMD Technician Module 1 Unit 2 Field Survey Instruments This slide to be displayed at the beginning of the class Instructor Notes

Learning Objectives At the end of this training each student will demonstrate knowledge and the ability to classify, identify, and verify known and unknown chemicals by using field survey instruments. Read the objective Instructor Notes

Student Performance Objectives Know the 9 DOT Hazard Classes Know the 3 classes and 2 divisions of inherent safety tested instruments Know the 6 types of direct reading instruments and give examples of each type. Read the objectives Instructor Notes

Student Performance Objectives (cont.) Demonstrate their ability to operate at least 4 different direct reading instruments Must be able to successfully complete competency evaluations 005, 006, 007, 008, 009, 010, 011, 014, 016, 017, and/or 018 Read the objectives Instructor Notes

DOT Hazard Classes 1 Explosives 2 Compressed gasses 3 Flammable liquids 4 Flam solids, spontaneous combustible, dangerous when wet 5 Oxidizers and organic peroxides Explain each hazard class. Explain the necessity of knowing these classes in order to properly classify HazMats Instructor Notes

DOT Hazard Classes (cont.) 6 Toxic, biological 7 Radiological 8 Corrosives 9 Misc. (ORM)

Real Time Air Monitors Assessing health risks PPE Work zones Dispersion Mitigation actions Explain the benefits to real time air monitors Instructor Notes

Characteristics of Air Monitoring Instruments Portable and rugged Easy to operate Inherently safe Reliable and useful results Instructor Notes

Inherently Safe Class I, II and III Division 1 and 2 Explain the desirable characteristics of an air monitoring instrument Class and Group - Class is a category describing the type of flammable material that produces the hazardous atmosphere: Class I: Consists of flammable vapors and gases such as gasoline and hydrogen. Class I is further divided into Groups A, B, C, and D on the basis of similar flammability characteristics (Table 1). Class II: Consists of combustible dusts like coal or grain and is divided into Groups E, F, and G (Table 2). Class III: Consists of ignitable fibers such as produced by cotton milling. Division - Division is the term describing the "location" of generation and release of the flammable material. Division 1: A location where the generation and release are continuous, intermittent, or periodic into an open, unconfined area under normal conditions. Division 2: A location where the generation is only from a leak or failure from closed systems or containers. Instructor Notes

Characteristics of Air Monitoring Instruments (cont.) Reliable and useful results Response time Sensitivity Amplification Accuracy Precision Selectivity Calibration and relative response

Types of Direct reading instruments Corrosive gas Oxygen Flammability Toxic Radiological Specialized Announcer slide This is the 6 basic types of direct reading instruments Instructor Notes

Corrosive Gas pH paper Display pH paper and discuss Instructor Notes

Oxygen Normal air–20.9% oxygen Oxygen levels less than 19.5% Oxygen levels above 23.5% Some instruments require sufficient oxygen for operation The first item to check for is O2. Instructor Notes

Schematic of Oxygen Sensor Membrane (-) (+) Electrode Most O2 sensors are a electro-chemical type of sensor Meter Face Electrolyte Solution (KCL or KOH) Instructor Notes

Limitations and Considerations Atmospheric pressure Temperature Turn-on 4 gas meter and demonstrate low O2 levels in exhaled air. Instructor Notes

Combustible-Atmosphere Indicators Combustible Gas Indicators (CGI) Concentration of a flammable vapor or gas in the air Percentage of the LEL Continue to show monitor and explain the CGI process Instructor Notes

Flammable Range Take time to explain that CGI’s read in a percentage of a percentage. It basically takes 1000 ppm of a flammable vapor to change the meter reading to 1% of the LEL Instructor Notes

Principle of Operation Wheatstone Bridge WHEATSTONE BRIDGE Explain the wheatstone bridge concept Instructor Notes

Limitations Temperature Lack of oxygen Lead vapors and silicon compounds Response factors Discuss and explain limitations Instructor Notes

Relative Response for a Combustible Gas Chemical Concentration (% LEL) Meter Response (% LEL) Relative Response Factor Methane 50 85 1.7 Acetylene 60 1.2 Pentane 1 1,4,-Dioxane 37 .74 Xylene 27 .54 Explain that conversion factors are very important to industrial hygienists but not quite as important to first responders. To a HazMat tech any reading of a flammable vapor should alert them to the fact that something flammable is present, so flash protection should be worn. Instructor Notes

Toxic-Atmosphere Monitors Identify airborne concentrations Evaluate risk Determine the need and type of PPE Establish work zones PPM Explain that there is a wide verity of types and technologies for toxic sensors. Instructor Notes

Radiological Survey meters Contamination Dose & Rate Max dose for: Life safety - 50,000mrem Protecting critical property - 10,000mrem Emergency worker - 5000mrem Show and explain a radiation detector and pager. Demonstrate the difference of dose and rate, and a radiation survey of the area verses a search for contamination. Dose is the general term for the quantity of radiation absorbed. Rate is the amount of dose delivered per unit of time, usually expressed as rem per hour. HazMat technicians should limit their total accumulative dose to 5000mrem over the course of the incident unless entry is for life safety (rescue) or protecting critical property. Then dose amounts should not exceed 50,000mrem or 10,000mrem respectably. A Rate of 1000mrem/hr would give the responder 5000mrem in 5 hours time. Instructor Notes

Specialized Monitoring Devices NFPA’s list of 18 1) Biological immunoassay indicators 2) Chemical Agent Monitors 3) Colorimetric indicators 4) Combustible Gas Indicators 5) DNA Fluoroscopy 6) Electro chemical cells 7) Flame Ionizing detector 8) Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer 9) Infrared Spectroscopy 10) Ion mobility spectroscopy 11) Mass channel analyzer 12) Metal oxide sensor 13) Photo ionization detector 14) Polymerase chain reaction 15) Radiation detection and measurement instruments 16) Raman spectroscopy 17) Surface acoustical wave 18) Wet chemistry Go over list and briefly explain each type 1) Biological immunoassay indicators 2) Chemical Agent Monitors 3) Colorimetric indicators 4) Combustible Gas Indicators 5) DNA Fluoroscopy 6) Electro chemical cells 7) Flame Ionizing detector 8) Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer 9) Infrared Spectroscopy 10) Ion mobility spectroscopy 11) Mass channel analyzer 12) Metal oxide sensor 13) Photo ionization detector 14) Polymerase chain reaction 15) Radiation detection and emasurement instruments 16) Raman spectroscopy 17) Surface acoustical wave 18) Wet chemistry Instructor Notes

Colorimetric Tubes Glass tube with an indicating chemical Tube is connected to a pump Contaminant reacts with the indicator Chemical-specific Demonstrate tubes Instructor Notes

Limitations and Considerations (cont.) Poor accuracy and precision Affected by temperature Store tubes at moderate temperatures Humidity Shelf life

Limitations and Considerations (cont.) Interfering compounds Difficult to read Sampling times

Photoionization Detector (PID) Detect concentrations of gases and vapors in PPM Fan or pump draws the air into the detector Contaminants are exposed to a high-frequency radiation light source demonstrate Instructor Notes

Ionization Potential (eV) Chemical Ionization Potential (eV) Hydrogen cyanide Carbon dioxide Methane Hydrogen chloride Water Oxygen Chlorine Propane Hydrogen sulfide Hexane Ammonia Vinyl chloride Acetone Benzene Phenol Ethyl amine 13.9 13.8 13.0 12.5 12.6 12.1 11.5 11.1 10.5 10.2 10.1 10.0 9.7 9.2 8.5 8.0 Make sure this is fully explained as not all products can be picked up by a PID. A 10.6 lamp will not determine the presence of propane. Instructor Notes

Specialized for WMD M8 M9 M256A1 ICAM APD2000 SAW Mincad GC/MS Biological detection and ID Demonstrate each type of instrument Instructor Notes

Exercise Module 1 Unit 2 Air Monitors Time Allotted: 60 minutes Equipment needed: (2) 4 gas air monitors P.I.D. pH paper Calibration gas Supplies needed: Acetone Acetic Acid (vinegar) Hydrochloric Acid (The Works toilet bowl cleaner) Ammonia (window cleaner) 4 small containers with lids or covers Calibration Gas Methodology: The instructor will give you a scenario that is based on the student performance objectives in this unit. Use exercise set-up form to give students hands-on practice. Instructor Notes

Allow 10 - 15 minutes and then review the answers. Unit 2 Quiz Allow 10 - 15 minutes and then review the answers. Instructor Notes

Questions Instructor Notes