Revolution Fever Spreads

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Presentation transcript:

Revolution Fever Spreads to Latin America

European Empires: 1660s

16c-18c: New Ideas Brewing in Europe

Causes of Latin American Revolutions Enlightenment Ideas  writings of John Locke, Voltaire, & Jean Rousseau; Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine. Colonization by Spain & France & Portugal  brutal treatment of indigenous population & African slaves Inspiration of American and French Revolutions

Enlightenment Ideas Laws of nature [NATURAL LAWS] govern natural science and human society. Give people rights  life, liberty, property! Make fair societies based on reason possible. Challenged the theory of “Divine Right” monarchy.

2. Creole Discontent

3. Inspiration of American & French Revolutions Declaration of the Rights of Man & of the Citizen, 1789 Declaration of Independence, 1776

Provides a model & a diversion! Napoleon on the March Provides a model & a diversion!

Latin American Revolutions!

Toussaint L’Ouveture Leads a Revolution in Haiti (1804)

French colony of Haiti was the first Latin American territory to gain independence from the mother country Toussaint L’Ouverture  a former slave that led an organized, successful slave revolt Defeated armies of Spain, France, and Britain during rebellion

Social class hierarchy of Spanish colonies Top: - Peninsulares (men born in Spain) - Creoles (Spaniards born in colonies) at the top Bottom -Natives & slaves at the bottom – oppressed & brutalized Some Creoles were wealthy & educated  traveled, learned & spread Enlightenments ideals – brought revolution to Latin America

Simón Bolivar: The “Brains”of the Revolution Video 1808 – Napoleon conquered Spain & removed king  people questioned Spain’s authority overseas  rebellions began Simon Bolivar was a Venezuelan Creole  leads independence movement for northern areas of Latin America

Jose de San Martin 1816 - San Martin brings independence to Argentina 1817 – San Martin brings independence to Chile

Miguel Hidalgo In 1810 Miguel Hidalgo – a priest in Mexico spread Enlightenment ideas & encourages revolution for independence, but many leaders and years are required until official independence in 1821

Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe issues the Monroe Doctrine: attempts by European countries to influence in L.American will be considered a threat to U.S. independence and safety U.S. to Europe: stay out of L. America OR ELSE!