Warm – Up Chapter 3-3 1. What law describes how airplanes fly? 2. What law describes how a boat floats? 3. What principal describes how hydraulic lifts work? 4. Describe viscosity.

Chapter 3-3 States of Matter Behavior of Gases

Properties of Gases No definite shape or volume Particles move in all directions Fluids Constantly colliding Low density Compressible Mostly empty space

Gases in Containers Balloons remain inflated because of collisions the air particles have with the walls of their container. More collisions with the walls of the container, causes it to expand.

Boyle’s Law Fixed amount of gas Constant temperature The volume of a gas increases as a pressure of a gas decreases Volume decreases as pressure increases V ↓ = P ↑

Boyle’s Law in Action P1*V1 = P2*V2 P1, V1 = initial pressure, volume P2, V2 = final pressure, volume

Using Boyle’s Law A balloon has a volume of 10.0 L at a pressure of 101 Pa. What will be the new volume when the pressure drops to 43.0 Pa?

Practice Problems P. 91 #1-4

Pressure - Temperature Relationship At a constant volume, an increase in temperature results in an increase in pressure.

Charles's Law The volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, as long as pressure does not change. V ↑ = T ↑ As a gas is heated, its particles move faster and its temperature increases.

Gay-Lussac’s Law The pressure of a gas at constant volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature P ↑ = T ↑