1. CHARLES’ LAW

2. Charles’ Law Describes how gases tend to expand when heated
gas expands as the temperature increases
a decrease in temperature will lead to a decrease in volume
Charles' Law states: the volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
This can be written as:
V is the volume of the gas
T is the temperature of the gas (measured in Kelvin)

3. Pics/Vids https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=GcCmalmLTiU
This gif shows how the rise in temperature affects the volume of something by increasing it.

4. Applying Charles' Law: Example #1
The plunger on a turkey syringe thermometer pops out when the turkey is done.
The volume of air trapped under the plunger increases when the temperature inside the turkey climbs

5. Applying Charles' Law: Example #2
Question: 4.40 L of a gas is collected at 50.0 °C. What will be its volume upon cooling to 25.0 °C?
1.) Convert 50.0 °C to 323 K and 25.0 °C to 298 K.
- Standard temperature (273 K) + Given Degrees in Celsius
2.) Plug into standard equation.
3.) Cross multiply and divide.
- x= 4.06 L

6. Applying Charles' Law: Example #3
Question: A gas is collected and found to fill 2.85 L at 25.0 °C. What will be its volume at standard temperature?
Solution:
Convert 25.0 °C to Kelvin and you get 298°K
*Standard temperature: 273°K, then plug into equation:
Cross-multiply and divide to get: X= 2.61 L

7. Gay-Lussac’s Law

8. Gay-Lussac's Law Definition
Gay-Lussac's law is an ideal gas law where at constant volume, the pressure of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
If you increase the temperature of the gas the pressure rises proportionally. Pressure and temperature will both increase or decrease simultaneously as long as the volume is held constant.
Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a fixed amount of gas at fixed volume is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins.

9. Gay-Lussac Law Equation
P1= initial pressure T1= initial temperature P2= final pressure T2= final temperature
-The units for temperature must be Kelvin

10. Gay-Lusac’s Law Example
1) Consider a container with a volume of 22.4 L filled with a gas at 1.00 atm at 273 K. What will be the new pressure if the temperature increases to 298 K?
=1.09 atm

11. Boyle’s law

12. FORMULA
For a fixed amount of an ideal gas at a constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional
PV = k
(P1)(V1) = (P2)(V2)
P denotes the pressure of the system
V denotes the volume of the gas
K is a constant value representative of the pressure and volume of the system
Pressure-volume product will always be the same value if the temperature and amount remain constant.

13. Examples
You can determine the missing pressure or volume that is needed to be found with the equation: P1V1 = P2V2 #1
2.00 L of a gas is at mmHg pressure. What is its volume when the pressure is L? #2
5.00 L of a gas is at 1.08 atm. What pressure is obtained when the volume is L?

14. Answers #1 (740.0 mmHg) (2.00 L) =(760.0 mmHg) (x) x= 1.95 L #2
(1.08 atm) (5.00 L) =(x) (10.0 L)
x= .54 atm

15. Avogadro’s Law

16. Avogadro’s Law
Equal volume of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles

17. Real Life Examples of Avogadro's Law
As you pump air (a form of gas) into a flat basketball, it inflates because you are adding pressure into it.
more pressure = increase volume