Reproduction

Reproduction Reproduction –The natural process among organisms by which new individuals are generated and the species continues to survive Necessary because no individual organism lives forever

Sexual reproduction 2 parents Sperm cell and egg cell combine through fertilization Offspring has genetic material from both parents Traits from both parents

Sexual Reproduction Most multicellular organisms reproduce sexually Humans Birds Turtles Flowers

Asexual Reproduction Only one parent Organism multiplies without seeds, sex cells, or fertilization Exact copy of the parent Types of Asexual Reproduction: Budding Binary Fission Regeneration Self-pollination Vegetative Reproduction

Examples of asexual Reproduction Yeast (Budding) Buds form on a parent yeast then break off to form new yeasts Starfish (Regenration) An arm breaks off and a new one grows back

Example of Asexual Reproduction Strawberry plants (vegitative reproduction) Parent plant sends out a runner and new plants are cloned in cells from parent plant

Example of Asexual Reproduction Peanut Plant (Self-Pollination) Male and female parts of a plant of a single plant work together to make an offspring Amoeba (Binary Fission) Splits into 2 new amoeba

Both Some organisms can reproduce sexually and asexually Ex: mushroom, jellyfish, sponge, cactus, daffodil

Advantages of Sexual Reproduction Mutations and defects can be stopped from affecting future generations Genetic Variation More variation = better able to deal with change and survive

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction If environment does not change then variation may hurt a species 2 sex cells are needed (2 parents) Offspring produces more slowly Hard for some organisms to find a mate Mutations may occur Very few offspring produced at a time

Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction May die off if environment changes If there is a disease or mutation in a plant it will be passed to all offspring Some methods of asexual reproduction produce offspring that are close together and compete for food and space. 

Advantages of Asexual Reproduction Organism thrives if environment is unchanging Only one parent needed (reproduce quickly) Large numbers of offspring are reproduced very quickly Large number of organisms mean that species may survive when conditions or the number of predators change.