Food for Plants

Cellular Energy (Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration) An Introduction

What is Photosynthesis? The process of photosynthesis is a chemical reaction. The process of converting light energy to make chemical energy (glucose) It is the most important chemical reaction on our planet.

Prefix/Suffix: Photosynthesis “Photo” means light “synthesis” means to make

Who & where does it take place? Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts of the plant cell in the leaves of a plant. -Inside the chloroplasts is a green pigment called chlorophyll that captures light.

CHOLORPLAST

Chemical reaction of photosynthesis? Light Energy Carbon Dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen 6CO2 6H2O C6H12O6 6O2 Reactant (NEED) Products (MAKE)

2. What Happens During Photosynthesis? Plants capture light energy and use that energy to make glucose Sunlight provides the energy needed by chlorophyll to change molecules of carbon dioxide and water into glucose Oxygen is also released in this reaction Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through holes called stomata

2. What Happens During Photosynthesis? CO2 combines with the stored energy in the chloroplasts through a chemical reaction to make glucose The sugar is moved through tubes in the leaf to the roots, stems and fruits of the plants Some of the sugar is used right away by the plant for energy; some is stored as starch; and some is built into plant tissue such cellulose

3.Why is This Important to Us? We cannot make our own energy (glucose), we must get our energy from plants. It is a carbohydrate used for quick fuel. Organisms, such as plants and animals, take glucose and change it into ATP energy during cellular respiration. Plants are the first step in the food chain. The oxygen released during photosynthesis is necessary for all living things.

Cellular Respiration 1. What is Cellular Respiration? Once the energy that was in sunlight is changed into chemical energy by photosynthesis, an organism has to transform the chemical energy into a form that can be used by the organism. This process is cellular respiration.

2. Who & where does it take place? Takes place in ALL living things- bacteria, plant, protists, fungi, AND animal Cell respiration occurs in “MIGHTY” MITOCHONDRIA in eukaryotic cells.

3. Describe Cellular Respiration Definition: The process of breaking down glucose molecules to release cellular ATP energy Respiration means “to breathe” -AEROBIC respiration when oxygen is used -ANAEROBIC respiration when NO oxygen is used (aka fermentation) Is a step by step process: Glycolysis Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Cycle

Light vs Dark

2 ATP 32-34 ATP 2 ATP 2 ATP

Review Cellular Respiration All living things need ENERGY Energy in the form of… Glucose = chemical energy Cell energy=ATP

Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery Section 8-1 ADP – Low energy ATP – high energy Energy Energy Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Partially charged battery Fully charged battery

4. What is the Equation for Cellular Respiration? Carbon Dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O

Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration The product of one process is the reactant of the other! *flip flop Photosynthesis stores energy into glucose- Cell Respiration releases energy from glucose Photosynthesis removes CO2 and respiration returns it.

Carbon Cycle

Process of ATP to ADP

In class activity: All classes