Intratubular crystallization of calcium oxalate in the presence of membrane vesicles: An in vitro study Julie M. Fasano, Saeed R. Khan Kidney International

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Intratubular crystallization of calcium oxalate in the presence of membrane vesicles: An in vitro study Julie M. Fasano, Saeed R. Khan Kidney International Volume 59, Issue 1, Pages 169-178 (January 2001) DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00477.x Copyright © 2001 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Comparison of crystallization rates without the brush border membrane (BBM) in artificial urine solutions representing ionic conditions in various segments of a nephron. Symbols are: (♦) proximal tubule; (▪) descending limb; (□) ascending limb; (○) distal tubule; (×) collecting duct. Kidney International 2001 59, 169-178DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00477.x) Copyright © 2001 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Comparison of crystallization rates with BBM in artificial urine solutions representing ionic conditions in various segments of a nephron. Symbols are: (♦) proximal tubule; (▪) descending limb; (□) ascending limb; (○) distal tubule; (×) collecting duct. Kidney International 2001 59, 169-178DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00477.x) Copyright © 2001 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 (A) Crystals formed in proximal tubule (PT) solution in the presence of brush border membrane (BBM). Calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals with a dipyramidal habit are clearly visible. (B) Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals formed in PT solution in the absence of BBM. Kidney International 2001 59, 169-178DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00477.x) Copyright © 2001 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 (A) Crystals formed in distal limb of Henle (DLH) solution in the presence of BBM. Both dipyramidal COD and plate-like COM crystals (arrows) are present. Both show twinning. (B) Crystals formed in DLH solution in the absence of BBM. Plate-like COM crystals are only visible. Almost all crystals appear etched (arrows). Kidney International 2001 59, 169-178DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00477.x) Copyright © 2001 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Crystals formed in the DLH solution. (A) Columnar crystals of brushite formed in the absence of BBM. (B) Plate-like crystals of octacalcium phosphate formed in association with the BBM. Kidney International 2001 59, 169-178DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00477.x) Copyright © 2001 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Crystals formed in the distal tubule (DT) solution. (A) COD crystals formed in solution with BBM. (B) Mostly COM crystals in solution without the BBM. Kidney International 2001 59, 169-178DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00477.x) Copyright © 2001 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Crystals formed in collecting duct (CD) solutions. (A) COD crystals formed in solution with BBM. (B) A mixture of CaP and COD crystals formed in solution without the BBM. Kidney International 2001 59, 169-178DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00477.x) Copyright © 2001 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions