Bellwork Have your lab report out and ready to turn in. What did you have for lunch today? Categorize each item under the following groupings (some items may go into one or more groups) Protein Carbohydrates Fats Do you feel you had a healthy lunch? Why or why not??

Describe the functions of each group of organic compounds. Carbon Compounds Describe the functions of each group of organic compounds.

The Chemistry of Carbon organic chemistry - study of all compounds that contain bonds between carbon atoms Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds four valence electrons with itself or with other atoms including hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen

Carbon’s Versatility Carbon can form different types of bonds: Chains single double triple Chains Rings Highly branched

Macromolecules Monomer – subunits or building blocks Formed by a process known as polymerization Monomer – subunits or building blocks Polymer - large compound formed from monomers Four groups of organic compounds: carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.

Polymers are made of Monomers. MONOMERS = subunit in a complex molecule Polymer = molecule with many monomers bonded together

Condensation reactions join monomers to form polymers Condensation reactions join monomers to form polymers. A condensation reaction releases water as a by-product. Also known as dehydration synthesis. In a hydrolysis reaction, water is used to split polymers into monomers.

4 main types of macromolecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

Today’s task Prepare an advertisement for your macromolecule. The advertisement must include: What does it look like? Elements that make up your macromolecule Monomer and the structure of the monomer(s) Detailed, how do the actual elements fit together? Polymer(s) and example of the basic structure Detailed, not a bunch of connected circles! What does it do? Functions of your macromolecules What types are they? What are some of the major types of your macromolecule? Name some examples Where do we find it? Where in our bodies is it found? Foods in which it is found Why everyone NEEDS this macromolecule

Tasks Clubs: Group Leader – keep everyone on task Hearts: Time keeper – make sure you can finish the entire poster in this class period Diamonds: Artistic director – make sure the poster looks like a poster and not just a boring listing of facts Spades: Research director – keep everyone on task finding the information that you need

Carbohydrates carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 1 : 2 : 1 C6H12O6 main source of energy structural purposes

Carbohydrates Monosaccharide - single sugar molecule [monomer] Glucose, galactose – milk, fructose - fruit Polysaccharide - large macromolecule formed from monosaccharides [polymer] Glycogen [animal starch] - animals store excess sugar Starch - plants store excess sugar Cellulose - Tough, flexible fibers give plants strength and rigidity

Lipids mostly carbon and hydrogen not soluble in water used to store energy important parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings Steroids are lipids as well; serve as chemical messengers.

Many formed when a glycerol molecule combines with fatty acids saturated – all carbon atoms joined by a single bond solid at room temperature butter & lard unsaturated – at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid liquid at room temperature polyunsaturated - contains more than one double bond corn oil, sesame oil, and peanut oil

Nucleic Acids hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus store and transmit genetic information composed of monomers called nucleotides two kinds of nucleic acids: ribonucleic acid (RNA) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Nucleic Acids Nucleotide 5-carbon sugar phosphate group nitrogenous base

Proteins nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen composed of monomers called amino acids amino group (–NH2) carboxyl group (–COOH) more than 20 different amino acids All parts of amino acid are identical except R-group

Functions of Protein control rate of reactions and regulate cell processes used to form bones and muscles transport substances into or out of cells help to fight diseases