INOVATE-HF Trial design: Patients with heart failure (HF) were randomized to device implant for vagus nerve stimulation (n = 436) versus optimal medical.

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INOVATE-HF Trial design: Patients with heart failure (HF) were randomized to device implant for vagus nerve stimulation (n = 436) versus optimal medical therapy (control group) (n = 271). (p = 0.37) Results Death or HF hospitalization: 30.3% of the vagus nerve stimulation group vs. 25.8% of the control group (p = 0.37) Quality of life, NYHA class, and 6-minute walking distance were favorably affected by vagus nerve stimulation (p < 0.05) LV stroke volume index was similar between groups (p = 0.49) 30.3 % 25.8 Conclusions Among patients with stable HF, vagus nerve stimulation did not reduce the incidence of death or hospitalization for HF. Reverse remodeling did not improve with vagus nerve stimulation. Vagus nerve stimulation Optimal medical therapy Gold MR, et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;68:149-58