Bellringer (3/6/17) How did the U.S. change after oil was discovered in Texas in 1901? What was the Great Migration? What social impact did it have on the United States? Why did people favor Prohibition before it was enacted?

Today’s Class (3/6/17) Outcome Agenda: Be able to identify examples of nativism and causes of the Red Scare in the U.S. after World War I. Agenda: Bellringer Notes: Post-War Tensions in America Video: Red Scare of the 1920s Review outcome

Roaring 20’s Vocabulary Use Chapters 12 (pg. 410), 13 (pg. 432) and the glossary to help you provide a complete definition for each term. Terms marked with a * are not in the glossary – definition found in text. Add * to Sacco and Vanzetti (pg. 413) Prohibition definition = capital P Get vocabulary list stamped when finished.

Post-War Tensions in the 1920s

Transition From War During World War I, the government encouraged business & labor to cooperate. When the war ended, the economy had to go through an adjustment period. Returning soldiers faced unemployment, reduced wages, and less attention to employee safety.

Nativism Returns After the war, nativism returned to the U.S. A movement known as “100 Percent Americanism” attacked all foreign ideas & people. Many nativists pushed for laws to place restrictions on immigration. 1921 – Emergency Immigration Act Set maximum immigration to U.S. at 375,000 people per year. Established quota system – limit immigration from each country to 3% of its residents who were in the U.S. in 1910. 1924 – Immigration Act of 1924 Cut maximum immigration to U.S. to 164,000 people per year. Cut quotas to 2% of a country’s residents who were in the U.S. in 1890. Banned all immigration from Asia.

The Klan Rises Again Revived nativism also produced a revival of the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK’s membership grew dramatically in the 1920s. The “new” Klan targeted African Americans, Jews, Catholics, immigrants, and other radicals by using violence and intimidation. Membership spread nationwide—no longer contained in the South. In 1925, nearly 60,000 KKK members marched along Pennsylvania Ave. in Washington D.C.

Red Scare Sweeps Nation In 1919, a revolution in Russia established a new Communist government led by a group called the Bolsheviks – nicknamed “Reds” A postwar fear of radicals swept the U.S., known as the Red Scare. Socialists – called for public ownership of land & factories Communists – wanted a classless society through revolution by the working class Anarchists – opposed all forms of government

Red Scare Fears Intensify In April 1919, 2 government officials received bombs in the mail – thought to be sent by radicals. U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer also received a bomb at his home. In response, Palmer used the Justice Dept. to arrest thousands of suspected radicals and deport hundreds more – many without trials. People’s civil rights were disregarded, as homes & offices were often raided by the Justice Dept.

Sacco & Vanzetti The Red Scare, combined with nativism, produced intense fear and discrimination toward any foreign-born individual suspected of radical ties. Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were Italian immigrants who were known anarchists and had evaded the draft in WWI. In May 1920, a factory paymaster & guard were murdered in Massachusetts. Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested and charged with robbery and murder.

Sacco & Vanzetti Witnesses to the crime said the criminals appeared to be Italians. Despite both men having alibis and inconclusive evidence against them, the jury found them guilty and sentenced them to death. Both men died in the electric chair in August 1927.

Red Scare of the 1920s Definition, Summary & Causes http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-red-scare-of-the-1920s-definition-summary-causes.html#lesson

Review Outcome Examples of nativism Causes of the Red Scare