World War II Freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from fear, freedom from want

Good Neighbors and Isolationism before World War II Good Neighbor Policy US needs Latin American support against European fascist dictators Pan-American Conferences End intervention in Latin America Nullify Platt Amendment However, US still supported undemocratic governments friendly to American business Anastasio Somoza (Nicaragua)

Totalitarian governments in Italy, Germany, and Spain Holocaust While concerned, FDR’s main focus is dealing with Great Depression Nye Committee (1934) Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937 1935-Prohibit arms shipments and travel to belligerent nations 1936-Forbade extension of loans and credits to belligerent nations 1937-forbade shipment of arms to both sides in the Spanish Civil War

Fascist Aggression Ethopia-1935 Rhineland-1936 China-1937 Anschluss with Austria-1938 Sudetenland-1938 Munich Conference-1938 Appeasement Chamberlain- “Peace in our time.” September 1, 1939-Hitler invades Poland and WWII has started Blitzkrieg “Phony War”

Arsenal for Democracy Lend-Lease Act (1941) Change in “Cash and Carry” policy (1939) Permitted Britain to obtain U.S. arms on credit FDR’s “Garden Hose” analogy Atlantic Charter (August 1941)- Secret meeting with Churchill in Newfoundland Churchill and FDR promised “final destruction of Nazi tyranny”

Pearl Harbor Embargo of Japan in 1937 Six months before Pearl Harbor, FDR freezes Japanese assets including the sale of oil A month before, intercepted Japanese intelligence revealed an attack in the Pacific was near http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4206060 Did FDR intentionally allow the attack to happen?

Sunday December 7, 1941- “A day that will live in infamy” 2,000 servicemen killed, 187 aircraft 18 naval vessels, 8 battleships Next day by a vote of 477-1, FDR receives a declaration of war

The War at Home Dramatic improvement in economy Economy-war production mode Rosie the Riveter- By 1944, women made up 1/3 of civilian work force and 350,000 served in non combat military roles Working role was only temporary

Japanese Internment Executive Order 9066 (February 1942) Most Japanese interned where nisei or American born Japanese 110,000 men, women, and children Korematsu v. United States (1944) Internment was constitutional Greater good of the country outweighed individual rights 20,000 Japanese Americans served in the armed forces during WWII

African-Americans and Military Service 1 million blacks served in armed forces Segregated units Construction, transport, and other non combat tasks Tuskegee Airman Double V President Truman in 1948 orders the armed forces to be desegregated

War in the Pacific “Island Hopping” Doolittle Raids-Battle of Tokyo-June 1942 Battle of Midway-June 1942 Battle of Iwo Jima February19-March 26, 1945 25,000 American casualties

D-Day

Goal was to liberate France Largest invasion by sea June 6, 1944 Goal was to liberate France Largest invasion by sea What if D-Day didn’t work? Eisenhower’s Letter “The fault is mine and mine alone.”

Battle of the Bulge December 1944-January 1945 Last major German offensive April 30-Hitler commits suicide May 8-VE Day-Germany surrenders

End of the War Dropping of the Atomic Bombs- August 6th and August 9th Manhattan Project (1939) Einstein’s famous letter to FDR about Germany Meetings between the “Big 3” took place at Yalta and Potsdam Yalta (February 1945) Germany would be occupied (zones) Soviet would enter war against Japan A new world peace organization established at a conference in San Francisco (United Nations) Potsdam (July 1945) Warning to Japan to unconditionally surrender Nazi war crimes trials (Nuremberg Trials)

Yalta Soviet control of Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) and a large section of Poland Non communists in pro-Soviet government of Poland “Free elections” Intent on establishing communism in Eastern Europe

Japan surrenders on September 2, 1945