Kinetic Potential Heat or thermal Types of Energy Kinetic Potential Heat or thermal

Potential and Kinetic Energy Potential Energy Energy that is stored Energy of position Kinetic Energy of motion An increase in kinetic energy will increase particle movement Temperature is a measure of an object’s average kinetic energy

Heat or Thermal Energy Thermal Energy or Heat is the sum of all the kinetic energy of a material’s particles Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed… So energy is Transformed

Describe the difference between kinetic and potential energy What is the law of conservation of energy?

Three Methods of Heat Transfer Conduction Radiation Convection

Conduction What is Conduction? Conduction in Action Transfer of heat through direct contact of particles of matter Heat always flows from hot object to cooler object until the temperatures are equal (equilibrium)

Insulators and Conductors Thermal Insulators Do not transfer heat well Used for items where heat is to be retained Examples include: Styrofoam Wood Rubber Plastic Thermal Conductors Transfer heat very well Used when it is necessary to move heat from one place to another Examples include: Most metals including copper and aluminum

1. What are the 3 different ways that heat energy can be transferred?

Radiation The transfer of thermal energy when objects are not touching What is Radiation Radiation in Action The transfer of thermal energy when objects are not touching Energy of the sun is radiated by electromagnetic waves Light bulbs are another example of radiant energy

Convection Transfer of thermal energy through liquids and air Convection Current Transfer of thermal energy through liquids and air Density of material changes with heating and cooling which creates circular current Cool with increased density Sinking due to increased density when cool Hot at heat source Rising due to decreased density when warm

Examples of Convection Currents: In Water: In Air:

Convection and Earth’s Layers Convection and Continental Drift Convection in the Mantle Convection currents below the surface, cause a rise and fall of magma. It is the widely held theory that these currents cause plate movement.

When heat transfers through direct contact, it is transferred by…. When heat is transferred through liquids in a circular motion, it is transferred by….

Energy and Movement of the Crust As we have seen, energy causes change Change leads to movement of Earth’s surface Movement leads to stresses at the surface

Types of Stress Compression is when two surfaces collide “head on” Tension Compression is when two surfaces collide “head on” This leads to folding and crumpling of the crust This is when two surfaces move away from each other This leads to breaks or cracks in the crust

Shearing Shearing is when two surfaces slide past each other, moving in opposite directions. The San Andreas Fault line is a famous example of shearing forces. This leads to “scars” on the landscape

San Andreas Fault

Folded Mountain Compression Stress

Folded Mountain

Faulting Tensile Stress/Pulling Apart

Magma and Rock Magma is the parent material for all rock Rock is: a hard surface composed of minerals and found in the crust. Rock is categorized by Geologists into 3 categories Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Granite

Metamorphic Rock Quartzite

Sedimentary Rock Sandstone