AP Geo Day 38

Starter Draw the Demographic Transition Model (birth, death, growth) Bonus: Do you think there are different types of borders? (Like between countries, how so?)

Europe's most fortified border is in Africa - Vox

How to identify boundaries Define: legal treaty Delimit: line on a map Demarcate: physical boundary Natural Geometric Cultural

Types of Boundaries

Boundaries 3 Types Formation of Boundaries Natural Geometric Cultural Natural/Physical boundaries Antecedent Subsequent Superposed Relic Locational Operational Allocational Boundaries

Natural/Physical Boundaries boundaries created by physical features Ex: US/Mexico border (Rio Grande River)

Antecedent Boundary drawn before the cultural landscape develops Ex: 49th parallel (latitude) separates US and Canada (Latitude and longitude already existed, then Western border was chosen to follow that)

Subsequent Develops with cultural landscape Ex: Formation of the states as the U.S. expanded westward

Ex: separation of North and South Korea Superposed Boundaries drawn by outside forces Ex: African country lines drawn by Europeans, not by ethnic groups Ex: separation of North and South Korea Ex: Native American reservations

Relic Boundaries that can still be seen, even after the political boundaries have changed Ex: East vs West Germany, difference in income, unemployment, etc. Ex: Divide between French-speaking and English-speaking Canada

Locational Interpretation of the boundary is in question, dispute over drawing of the boundary Ex: Saudi Arabia and Yemen Ex: Boundary between US and Mexico prior to Mexican-American War

Operational Dispute over the function of a boundary; how it is used Ex: American-Mexican border How do Americans view the border? How do Hispanics? Ex: European borders during refugee crisis How do different European countries view the border between themselves and countries in distress? How do refugees view the border?

Allocational Dispute over the extraction of resource. Ex: Iraq and Kuwait Kuwait begins to extract oil from Iraqi side Spratly Islands Spratly Islands are not owned and are in a strategic waterway and have natural gas [each country gets 12 miles out at sea considered as their country, and 200 as an economic zone for trading/fishing/oil/etc] several countries could claim Spratly. But it is the Chinese who are trying to claim it with cellphone towers

Nations in conflict over boundaries South Sudan Israel/Palestine Pakistan/India Russia/Ukraine

Boundary Disputes Sudan/Darfur/S. Sudan Israel/Palestine Pakistan/India Russia/Ukraine Superposed Allocational Relic