The ROCK CYCLE

Rocks, Rocks, Rocks, The Rock Cycle helps to explain how new land is formed on the earth Erosion, pressure & heat are the main forces that change rocks

Rocks fall under 3 broad categories: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Rocks, Rocks, Rocks Rocks fall under 3 broad categories: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle

Igneous Rocks Igneous (“from fire”) rocks form from magma that cools and crystallizes Magma can cool on the Earth's surface, where it has erupted from a volcano (extrusive rock) or under the Earth's surface, where it has intruded older rocks (intrusive). Formed from volanic activity, that create the igneous rock, then the rock cools from cooled magma, and it solidifes . NOT FORMED FROM SEDIMENTARY. Only formed from metaphoric. They are hard, different colour, pink white black. May have crystals. Ex granite SHOW EXAMPLE

Igneous Rocks Basalt Example: Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma reaches the Earth's surface a volcano and cools quickly. Most extrusive (volcanic) rocks have small crystals. Example: Basalt

Igneous Rocks Intrusive, or plutonic, igneous rocks form when magma cools slowly below the Earth's surface. Most intrusive rocks have large, well-formed crystals. Example: Granite

Sedimentary Rocks Any rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) exposed at the Earth's surface can become a sedimentary rock forces of wind, rain, snow, and ice combine to break down or weather, and transport rocks exposed at the surface These particles are eventually deposited and become hard rock (lithified). Formed from layers of sediments that have been compressed under water for long periods of time. Evidence of layers. The only type that has fossils. Breaks away fairly easily. No crystals. Usuaing one solid DULL colour. Ie sandstone (from sand), shale (clay), Limestone (shells) SHOW EXAMPLE

Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks Example: Sandstone Example: Limestone

Metamorphic Rocks any rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) can become a metamorphic rock Deep in earth, high temperatures and pressure causes rock to form new minerals and textures without melting The term "metamorphic" means "to change form." Changes in the temperature and pressure conditions cause the minerals in the rock to become unstable so they either reorient themselves into layers or recrystallize into larger crystals Formed at depths under the earth’s surface in regions of great heat and pressure. Few common charactertistics. Ie from granite get gneiss, shale turns into slate, Limestone turns into marble

Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic Rocks are some of the hardest rocks on earth. Example:: Marble Example: Gneiss Example: Quartzite

What kind of rock is the oldest in the world? Work It Out What kind of rock is the oldest in the world?

Estimated age? 3.8-4.3 Billion years old Work It Out Igneous Rocks would the oldest! Oldest rock in the world found in Northern Quebec (part of the Canadian Shield) Estimated age? 3.8-4.3 Billion years old

Work It Out Fossils are found in what type of rock?

Work it Out Sedimentary Rock!