1. Rock Cycle
Rocks are made of minerals. Sometime the minerals are very small to your sight and various tests must be run to determine the minerals contained in the rocks.
Earth has changed over time and continues to change through various processes.
The rock cycle shows how rocks are broken down and change into other rocks over time.
3 types of rocks formed by the rock cycle: sedimentary, igneous & metamorphic

2. Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks are formed from molten rock.
Magma & lava form different types of igneous rocks. Magma is molten rock underground, lava is molten rock on the surface.
Rocks formed from magma can have the same composition as rocks formed from lava, but the sizes of their crystals differ based on how quickly the magma or lava has cooled.
Intrusive igneous rocks form when magma cools within Earth. Large crystals form in granite, diamonds in kimberlite, and quartz in gabbro
Extrusive igneous rocks form when lava cools on Earth’s surface. Cooler temperatures on Earth causes lava to cool quickly forming smaller crystals such as in basalt or obsidian (black glass has no crystals)

3. Igneous Rocks
Intrusive Rocks gg
gabbro
kimberlite
granite

4. Igneous rocks
Extrusive Rocks
basalt
obsidian

5. Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks form from sediments which are materials that settle out of water or air, particles of rocks & minerals (sandstone & shale) or pieces of plant & animal remains that are pressed/cemented over time.
Coal is made from the remains of plants.
Limestone is made up of carbonate minerals such as shells & skeletons of ocean organisms.
Sedimentary rocks show the action of wind and water. (weathering & erosion)
Fossils form in sedimentary rocks.

6. Sedimentary rocks
sandstone
shale
coal

7. Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic rocks are made up of particles of pre-existing rocks & minerals which were deposited under the influence of some type of current (flowing water, waves, moving ice, etc.)
Strata is the layers of rock found in sedimentary rock. Stratification is the process of layering.

8. Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic comes from the Greek words Meta – change and Morph which means form
Heat & pressure causes rocks to change. Rocks which look as if their layers are melted together are called foliated rocks such as slate or gneiss. Rocks don’t melt when they undergo metamorphism otherwise they become igneous rocks. Instead the atoms form new bonds in a process called recrystallization. Crystals can grow and are aligned, looking like wood such as in schist – garnets.
Non-foliated rocks which are made of one mineral and have a really smooth look, do not separate into layers such as marble.

9. Metamorphic Rocks
Foliated rocks
gneiss
Garnet schist

10. Metamorphic Rocks
Non-foliated
marble

11. The Rock Cycle