Chapter 6 Section 3 The Enlightenment Spreads Objective: Summarize the spread & impact of Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe Vocabulary: Salon, Baroque, Neoclassical, Enlightenment Despot, & Catherine the Great How do you learn about new ideas? Which of these ways do you trust the most? Why? Why would you make changes in your life? Give examples.

Setting the Stage In France it was illegal to criticize the Catholic Church or the government The Enlightenment spread throughout Europe with the help of books, magazines, & word of mouth What would the church do if you criticize them? What invention allowed philosophers opinions to spread throughout Europe?

A World of Ideas Paris was the cultural & intellectual capital of Europe The brightest minds of the time gathered there The wealthy women of Paris held regular social gatherings called salons At these social gatherings in Paris; philosophers, writers, artists, scientists, & other great intellects met to discuss ideas People came from around the world (including the Americas) Would a women’s voice be heard during these meetings?

Check for Understanding Do you think women were able to engage in conversations about Enlightenment Ideas during this time period? Why or why not. Sentence Starter: Women would be able to engage in conversation about Enlightenment Ideas because ____________________________________. Or: Women would not be able to engage in conversations about Enlightenment Ideas because ____________________________________.

Diderot’s Encyclopedia Diderot created a large set of books to which many leading scholars of Europe contributed articles & essays He called it the Encyclopedia & published his first volumes in 1751 Enlightenment ideas about government & equality attracted the attention of a growing literate middle class; they could afford to now buy many books & support the work of artists This was during Voltaire’s time The Catholic Church banned the work & said it undermined royal authority & encouraged a spirit of revolt What is the encyclopedia?

New Artistic Styles Baroque – grand, ornate style that characterized European painting, music, & architecture Artists & architects worked in a simple & elegant style that borrowed ideas & themes from classical Greece & Rome called neoclassical The Enlightenment ideals were reflected in music, art, literature, & Architecture. Versailles was built in a Baroque style (who lived in the palace of Versailles?) What other time period borrowed ideas from Ancient Greek & Rome?

Changes in Music & Literature Music styles also changed to reflect Enlightenment ideals Bach, Handel, Haydn, Mozart, & Beethoven were the greatest figures in music during the Enlightenment Writers began writing novels, which were lengthy works that carefully crafted plots, used suspense, & explored characters’ thoughts & feelings Why would novels/books become popular during the time?

Check for Understanding Why did novels & books become popular? Sentence Starter: Novels & Books became popular during the enlightenment because __________.

Enlightenment & Monarchy Some monarchs embraced the new ideas & made reforms that reflected the Enlightenment spirit they were known as enlightened despots Enlightened despots supported the philosophes’ ideas but had no intention of giving up power They wanted to make their countries strong & their own rule more effective Enlightened Despots “Despots = Absolute Rulers) Why would they embraced the enlightenment?

Frederick the Great & Joseph II Frederick II, king of Prussia, granted many religious freedoms reduced censorship, & improved education However, he never tried to change the existing social order Joseph II of Austria, introduced legal reforms & freedom of the press He ordered that all peasants be paid for their labor with cash Many of his reforms were undone after his death Who did Frederick II go to war with? He said serfdom was wrong but never did anything to end it. He said his goal was to serve his country.

Catherine the Great Catherine the Great ruled with absolute authority but also sought to reform Russia She recommended allowing religious toleration & abolishing torture & capital punishment Catherine put in place limited reforms Her ideas changed on serfdom with an uprising in 1773 She gave nobles absolute power over the serfs Catherine was married off to Grand Duke Peter, heir to the Russian Throne (he was mental unstable) She made important friends, & had her husband arrested months after he was crowned czar of Russia Soon afterwards, Peter died (Most likely he was murdered) She exchanged letters with Voltaire

Catherine Expands Russia Catherine won control of the northern shore of the Black Sea Catherine also expanded her empire westward into Poland Austria & Prussia grabbed up the rest of Poland’s territory