Digestive Disorders Stomach Disorders

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Empty Human Stomach ©http://i224. photobucket

Stomach Structure The stomach is made up of 5 layers: Mucosa: Inner most layer or lining Contains the glands responsible for the digestive enzymes that are secreted Most stomach cancers originate here We will go over the cells found here

Submucosa: support layer for the mucosa Muscle layer: Muscles in this layer provide a rippling motion that mixes and mashes food Subserosa: Support system for the outermost layer Serosa: Outer layer that covers the stomach and holds it in place

Layers of the Stomach ©http://www. dkimages

Cells of the Stomach Healthy cells that line the stomach consist of 4 types: Parietal cells: secrete stomach acid (HCl), aid in B12 absorption Chief cells: secrete pepsin (enzyme that aids in food digestion) Mucus cells: secretes mucus which aids in the protection of the stomach lining

G Cells: Secrete the hormone gastrin Gastrin: digestive hormone that regulates the production of stomach acid

Histology of the Stomach ©http://media-2. web. britannica

Normal Stomach Cells http://www. technion. ac

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Mucus Cells ©http://www.bweems.com/cch7hp.jpg

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Stomach Cancer May develop in any part of the stomach and spread to other organs Causes nearly 1 million deaths world-wide It is associated with diets high in sodium and low in fruits and vegetables Also associate more often with smokers

Over 80% of gastric cancers are linked to the bacteria Helicobacter pylori This bacteria is also associated with other digestive disorders

H. Pylori ©http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._pylori

Symptoms Discomfort in the stomach area Feeling full or bloated after a small meal Nausea and vomiting Weight loss

Diagnosis Upper GI: patient drinks a barium solution that appears white on x-rays Allows the stomach to be seen much easier Endoscopy: a lighted tube is sent down the digestive tract so the physician can see Biopsy

Stomach Cancer ©http://www. brown

Dyspepsia Pain in the upper or middle section of the stomach Approximately 1 in 4 people develop dyspepsia at some point Usually caused by a stomach ulcer or acid reflux Usually treated with lifestyle changes and medication

Acute Gastritis A group of conditions characterized by an inflammation of the stomach lining The stomach usually secretes a protective layer of mucus, however, it may become weakened

Acute Gastritis Usually caused by a bacteria (H. pylori) Traumatic injury or overuse of certain pain relievers (Advil, Motrin) may also contribute to the condition

Chronic Gastritis Slower, progressive process in which the lining of the stomach is damaged

Chronic Gastritis The stomach epithelium is columnar When chronic gastritis occurs, the healthy cells are damaged

Parietal cells and chief cells degenerate and are replaced by less specialized mucus cells (goblet cells) Inflammation occurs and there is a large number of white blood cells that appear

These damaged cells result in deformed cells causing the stomach lining to look like the lining of the intestine It looks as if someone cut off the tops of the cells This is called intestinal metaplasia

Chronic Gastritis with Intestinal Metaplasia ©http://images. google

Intestinal Metaplasia with Presence of Goblet Cells ©http://esynopsis

For Lab

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©http://images. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://www. histol ©http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.histol.chuvashia.com/images/digestive/stomach-02-l.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.histol.chuvashia.com/atlas-en/digestive-01-en.htm&usg=__Ae49XMJi0PPZ8Qd8ehCqBB523pk=&h=422&w=450&sz=44&hl=en&start=13&um=1&tbnid=rXMiSzehm5QiDM:&tbnh=119&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstomach%2Bhistology%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den PYLORIC PART OF THE STOMACH      Stained with haematoxylin and eosin 1 - tunica mucosa 2 - tunica submucosa 3 - tunica muscularis propria 5 - lamina propria of the mucosa           (contains glands) 7 - gastric pits in the mucosa 8 - muscularis mucosae

The previous image shows the mucosa (epithelium cells) and the submucosa (connective tissue also called lamina propria) The muscle cells are seen below this is region in the lab

Goblet cells and WBC

Arrowhead: normal epithilium Arrow: Goblet cell WBCs present

Goblet Cells